A rare case of urothelial carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma

Mature cystic teratoma is a common benign adnexal tumour in females. It is composed of all the three germ layers (mesoderm, endoderm and ectoderm). Malignant transformation in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is rare, occurring in only 1-2% of cases. The most common malignancy is squamous cell carcinoma, which consists of about 80% of malignant transformations. Here we report malignant transformation of MCT in a 74year old post-menopausal female. Grossly the ovary was large cystic occupying the entire abdomen. Trial dissection was done and only 50% of the mass could be dissected due to gross adhesions. HPE reported as urothelial carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma. MCT is easily diagnosed via sonography, but malignant transformation is difficult to identify before surgery. For patients with malignant transformation, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy arising from MCT, and accounts for 80% of all cases. Other malignancies, such as adenocarcinomas, sarcomas or malignant melanomas have been reported; however, urothelial carcinoma arising from MCT is rare

Dimeric Halo Complexes of Cr(IV)

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of needle stick injury and post exposure prophylaxis in undergraduate medical students

Background: Needle stick injury are the most common reason behind occupational blood exposure and most important source of exposure to another person’s blood.Methods: A cross-sectional observational questionnaire-based study of 450 undergraduate medical students which includes 100 from each years, Second year: Part I (II/I: Third Semester), Second year: Part II (II/III: Fifth Semester), Third Year (III: Seventh Semester), Fourth year (IV: Ninth Semester) MBBS and 50 Interns. The participation was voluntary and written consent was taken prior to enrollment. The objectives of study were explained, and validated questionnaire was administered to the students and collected in a single visit after 30-40 minutes.Results: The average age was 21.91±2.03 years. About 406 students were aware of disease transmitted by NSI. 189 students felt that occurrence of NSI, first person to be contacted is Medicine Physician. 208 don’t know of existence of PEP. 164 felt PEP is to be given for 4 weeks. According to 138 students PEP guidelines were proposed by NACO while 101 students felt WHO. 261 students felt that most probable chance of getting NSI was in emergency ward. 363students felt that need for NSI PEP training before clinical exposure is very important. 345 felt the need for insurance of HCWs for diseases transmitted by NSI.Conclusions: Medical students are highly vulnerable to NSI and there is need to provide adequate preventive measures, frequent training for needle stick injury and postexposure prophylaxis to all healthcare workers

Preparation of a New Oxotetracyano- (pyridine)chromate(IV) Anion

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Variations in pp-Mode Parameters with Changing Onset-Time of a Large Flare

It is expected that energetic solar flares releasing large amount of energy at the photosphere may be able to excite the acoustic ($p$-) modes of oscillations. We have determined the characteristic properties of mode parameters by applying the ring diagram technique to 3-D power spectra obtained for solar active region NOAA 10486 during the long duration energetic X17.2/4B flare of October 28, 2003. Strong evidence of substantial increase in mode amplitude and systematic variations in sub-surface flows, i.e., meridional and zonal components of velocity, kinetic helicity, vorticity, is found from comparison of the pre- to the post-flare phases.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Smoking increases the risk of relapse after successful tuberculosis treatment

Background Recent tobacco smoking has been identified as a risk factor for developing tuberculosis, and two studies which have investigated its association with relapse of tuberculosis after completion of treatment had conflicting results (and did not control for confounding). The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for tuberculosis relapse, with emphasis on smoking

Understanding our seas: National Institute of Oceanography, Goa

The present article summarizes the research done at the CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography in 2014 in ocean science, resources and technology. Significant research has been conducted on air–sea interactions and coastal circulation, biogeochemistry, biology, marine geophysics, palaeoceanography, marine fishery, gas hydrates and wave energy. Technological advances covered topics like oceanographic tools. Major strides have been made in marine resources research and evaluation

Understanding our seas: National Institute of Oceanography, Goa

The present article summarizes the research done at the CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography in 2014 in ocean science, resources and technology. Significant research has been conducted on air–sea interactions and coastal circulation, biogeochemistry, biology, marine geophysics, palaeoceanography, marine fishery, gas hydrates and wave energy. Technological advances covered topics like oceanographic tools. Major strides have been made in marine resources research and evaluation

Tuberculosis Trends in Saudis and Non-Saudis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – A 10 Year Retrospective Study (2000–2009)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which has a very large labour force from high TB endemic countries. Understanding the epidemiological and clinical features of the TB problem, and the TB burden in the immigrant workforce, is necessary for improved planning and implementation of TB services and prevention measures

Counter-current chromatography for the separation of terpenoids: A comprehensive review with respect to the solvent systems employed

Copyright @ 2014 The Authors.This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.Natural products extracts are commonly highly complex mixtures of active compounds and consequently their purification becomes a particularly challenging task. The development of a purification protocol to extract a single active component from the many hundreds that are often present in the mixture is something that can take months or even years to achieve, thus it is important for the natural product chemist to have, at their disposal, a broad range of diverse purification techniques. Counter-current chromatography (CCC) is one such separation technique utilising two immiscible phases, one as the stationary phase (retained in a spinning coil by centrifugal forces) and the second as the mobile phase. The method benefits from a number of advantages when compared with the more traditional liquid-solid separation methods, such as no irreversible adsorption, total recovery of the injected sample, minimal tailing of peaks, low risk of sample denaturation, the ability to accept particulates, and a low solvent consumption. The selection of an appropriate two-phase solvent system is critical to the running of CCC since this is both the mobile and the stationary phase of the system. However, this is also by far the most time consuming aspect of the technique and the one that most inhibits its general take-up. In recent years, numerous natural product purifications have been published using CCC from almost every country across the globe. Many of these papers are devoted to terpenoids-one of the most diverse groups. Naturally occurring terpenoids provide opportunities to discover new drugs but many of them are available at very low levels in nature and a huge number of them still remain unexplored. The collective knowledge on performing successful CCC separations of terpenoids has been gathered and reviewed by the authors, in order to create a comprehensive document that will be of great assistance in performing future purifications. © 2014 The Author(s)