Development of a Nomogram Predicting the Risk of Persistence/Recurrence of Cervical Dysplasia

Background: Cervical dysplasia persistence/recurrence has a great impact on women's health and quality of life. In this study, we investigated whether a prognostic nomogram may improve risk assessment after primary conization. Methods: This is a retrospective multi-institutional study based on charts of consecutive patients undergoing conization between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014. A nomogram assessing the importance of different variables was built. A cohort of patients treated between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2016 was used to validate the nomogram. Results: A total of 2966 patients undergoing primary conization were analyzed. The median (range) patient age was 40 (18-89) years. At 5-year of follow-up, 6% of patients (175/2966) had developed a persistent/recurrent cervical dysplasia. Median (range) recurrence-free survival was 18 (5-52) months. Diagnosis of CIN3, presence of HR-HPV types, positive endocervical margins, HPV persistence, and the omission of HPV vaccination after conization increased significantly and independently of the risk of developing cervical dysplasia persistence/recurrence. A nomogram weighting the impact of all variables was built with a C-Index of 0.809. A dataset of 549 patients was used to validate the nomogram, with a C-index of 0.809. Conclusions: The present nomogram represents a useful tool for counseling women about their risk of persistence/recurrence after primary conization. HPV vaccination after conization is associated with a reduced risk of CIN2+

Preventing complications by persistence with iron replacement therapy: a comprehensive literature review.

OBJECTIVE: Iron deficiency and particularly iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can lead to negative health consequences. This review describes the importance of adherence and persistence (adhering to treatment for the recommended duration) with iron replacement therapy in the prevention of complications, particularly regarding its recommended dosing schedule. METHODS: Comprehensive literature searches were performed of Medline and the Cochrane library from 2000 to 2018. Keywords included iron deficiency or IDA, compliance or adherence, persistence, health beliefs, risk factor, complications, dosing cycles, oral iron replacement therapy and recommendations for duration, ferrous compounds, iron supplementation, dietary iron, and delayed-action/slow-release preparations. RESULTS: Identified articles focused on IDA as a risk factor (particularly for worsened comorbidities or surgical outcomes), guidelines, adherence and persistence, and differences between iron formulations. Current guidelines and expert opinion continue to support oral iron supplementation as first-line therapy. While it is recommended to take iron therapy for 2 months to normalize hemoglobin, then 2-3 months to build up iron stores, many patients face difficulties in adhering to and persisting with the full iron treatment regimen. Patient education and understanding, social support, simple dosing, perceived efficacy including reduced symptoms and tolerability were factors noted to promote medication adherence and persistence. Adherence to iron therapies appears to be facilitated by using ferrous sulfate due to its optimal absorption, and particularly extended-release forms due to their improved tolerability for iron deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Proper adherence and persistence with iron supplementation may prevent or reduce the risk of complications of iron deficiency and IDA

Preventing complications by persistence with iron replacement therapy: a comprehensive literature review

Iron deficiency and particularly iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can lead to negative health consequences. This review describes the importance of adherence and persistence (adhering to treatment for the recommended duration) with iron replacement therapy in the prevention of complications, particularly regarding its recommended dosing schedule

New Advances in Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Management

Pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFDs), which include various disorders such as urinary and anal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and sexual disorders, are widespread amongst females, so much so that they affect one fifth of adult women [...

The epidemiology of urinary incontinence: A case still open

2nononeUrinary incontinence (UI) is a widespread and well-known disorder affecting millions of women all over the world with impressive and probably still underestimated rebounds on personal and social wellbeing. Unfortunately, the available studies on the epidemiology of female UI have used different definitions of UI, obtaining data not homogeneous. In a very recently published article, Bedretdinova et al. have demonstrated that UI definitions and sampling strategies both influence estimates of UI prevalence among women. The ICIQ-UI-SF questionnaire appears to be appropriate for estimating national prevalence in representative samples.Serati, Maurizio; Ghezzi, FabioSerati, Maurizio; Ghezzi, Fabi

In the footsteps of Bonney and Nichols: hysterectomy during surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse

Based on the available urogynecological literature, the role of hysterectomy in the surgical strategy of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair remains controversial. Currently, there are no data to favor either the removal or preservation of the uterus in women with POP. The findings that hysterectomy may contribute to a higher success rate and to the development of urinary incontinence and/or female sexual dysfunction are not supported by evidence. It is not clear why both hysteropexy was sometimes performed in the presence of overt uterine prolapse and/or concomitant vaginal hysterectomy was often included in vaginal prolapse repair in the absence of uterine prolapse. In our opinion, it makes both anatomical and clinical sense to remove the uterus only (and always) when the uterus is one of the pelvic organs directly involved in the prolapse, but to preserve and suspend the uterus otherwise