Percepção de gestores públicos sobre a qualidade da auditoria interna governamental: um estudo de caso em uma instituição federal de ensino superior: Perception of public managers about the quality of government internal audit: a case study in a federal institution of higher education

Esse estudo objetiva analisar a qualidade da Auditoria Interna Governamental por meio da percepção de gestores públicos. A análise é realizada com base nas teorias que envolvem o Controle Interno e a Auditoria Interna no setor público brasileiro, discutidas por meio de um enfoque institucional. Para consecução da pesquisa, foi realizado estudo de caso com questionário estruturado em escala likert de 5 pontos que buscou captar a percepção de gestores públicos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior – IFES sobre a qualidade da Auditoria Interna Governamental, tomando como base aspectos qualitativos de relatórios de auditoria e suas recomendações de melhoria para os controles internos. Os resultados evidenciam que os gestores percebem que a Auditoria Interna Governamental apresenta tanto pontos fortes, quanto frágeis na busca pela eficiência dos controles internos Institucioniais, estes últimos necessitam de uma maior atenção por parte da atuação das auditorias internas no sentido de buscarem gerar avaliações que contribuam de forma mais efetiva na busca por controles internos eficientes e eficazes

Plasmid profile and virulence factors analysis of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (a-EPEC) strains.

Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) é um dos principais agentes de diarréia em crianças nos países em desenvolvimento. Esse patótipo pode ser classificado em dois grupos: EPEC típica (t-EPEC) e EPEC atípica (a-EPEC). O objetivo principal deste estudo foi traçar o perfil plasmidial de 78 amostras de a-EPEC bem como investigar em 72 amostras a presença de genes de virulência descritos em outros patótipos de DEC para procura de um marcador de virulência específico deste grupo de amostras. Foi detectada a presença de alguns genes de virulência como: pet (5,5%), pic (2,7%), astA (18%), efa1/lifA, toxB (2,7%), ldaH (8,3%) e ehly1 (4,2%). Os perfis plasmidiais obtidos permitiram verificar que entre as 78 amostras analisadas, 12 não possuem plasmídio, 33 possuem plasmídios entre 50 a 90 kb e 38 possuem plasmídios entre 90 a 124 kb. A pesquisa dos grupos de incompatibilidade revelou que os grupos IncFIB e IncF são os mais freqüentes entre as amostras de a-EPEC. Os resultados de RFLP do DNA plasmidial das amostras do sorotipo O55:H7 sugeriu que existem seqüências de nucleotídeos comuns entre os plasmídios. Os dados obtidos também permitiram inferir a existência de fragmentos de DNA plasmidial comum entre amostras de EHEC O157:H7 e amostras de a-EPEC O55:H7. A função biológica dos plasmídios de a-EPEC e a relação com o plasmídio pO157 necessitam de estudos complementares.Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of the main agents of diarrhea in children in developing countries. This pathotype can be classified in two groups: typical EPEC (t-EPEC) and atypical EPEC (a-EPEC). The aim of this study was to determine the plasmid profile of 78 strains of a-EPEC and investigate 72 strains for the presence of virulence genes described in other DEC. It was detected the presence of some virulence genes: pet (5,5%), pic (2,7%), astA (18%), efa1/lifA, toxB (2,7%), ldaH (8,3%) e ehly1 (4,2%). The plasmid profiles obtained allowed us to verify that among the 78 samples analyzed, 12 did not have plasmids, 33 strains have plasmids ranging between 50 and 90 kb, and 38 have plasmids ranging between 90 to 124 kb. Incompatibility groups analysis revealed that IncFIB and IncF groups are the most frequent among the samples of a-EPEC. RFLP analysis of plasmid DNA of strains of serotype O55:H7 suggested that there are nucleotide sequences common to the plasmids. The data also allowed inferring the existence of fragments of plasmid DNA common to EHEC O157:H7 and a-EPEC O55:H7. The biological function of aEPEC plasmid and the relationship with pO157 requires further studies

Influência da violência dentro e fora da escola na proficiência escolar dos alunos da cidade do Recife

O impacto que a violência incide sobre o desempenho escolar dos alunos pode acarretar uma geração de trabalhadores com baixa produtividade e com esperança de salários menores no futuro, podendo levar a indivíduos potenciais criminosos devido à expectativa de baixos rendimentos com a atividade lícita. Este trabalho procura identificar o papel do ambiente no qual a escola se insere sobre o desempenho escolar, mais precisamente, mensurar de que forma o número de assassinatos no entorno da escola pode influenciar o desempenho escolar do aluno. Desse modo, usando técnicas de geoprocessamento de dados e modelos hierárquicos, o trabalho consegue mensurar o impacto do crime, avaliado por meio do número de homicídios, sobre o rendimento dos alunos, além de capturar o efeito que a escola tem sobre os mesmos. Tal análise, é possível uma vez que os modelos hierárquicos permitem decompor a variância da proficiência escolar entre características inerentes ao aluno e à escola encontrando, assim, o “efeito-escola”. Os resultados mostram que os homicídios têm impacto negativo sobre o desempenho escolar e que aproximadamente 6,5% do desempenho do estudante, medidos pelo coeficiente de correlação intraescolar, deve-se à diferença entre escolas

Surgical treatment of neglected clubfoot using external fixator

ABSTRACT The definition of neglected clubfoot (NC) includes a variable range of complex deformities of the foot that are refractory to conventional treatments or are treated inappropriately. Several etiologies may be related to this. The Ilizarov method has become established as a tool for treating these deformities. It minimizes soft-tissue damage through gradual correction of the deformity, with a high success rate in relation to achieving a plantigrade foot, with low incidence of recurrence. The indications for treatment include severe rigid deformities (Dimeglio III and IV), or adverse skin conditions. Careful clinical and radiological examination is fundamental for proper planning and installation of the external fixator. The techniques used include selection of external fixation assemblies, which can be closed when there is a connection between the leg, hindfoot and forefoot. This closed assembly may or may not be constricted, according to whether hinges are provided or whether use of the natural anatomical hinges during correction of the deformity is envisaged. An open assembly makes it possible to add flexibility to the foot through histogenesis, while allowing closed corrections of greater precision later on. Hexapod fixators are an innovation with high potential for accuracy in correcting deformities. Procedures associated with external fixation include soft-tissue release and bone procedures. These procedures enable corrections that are more anatomical, for different degrees of severity and stiffness of deformity. It can be concluded from analyzing this case series that treatment of neglected clubfoot using an external fixator has a high rate of good and excellent results, with low frequency of complications

Surgical treatment of neglected clubfoot using external fixator

ABSTRACT The definition of neglected clubfoot (NC) includes a variable range of complex deformities of the foot that are refractory to conventional treatments or are treated inappropriately. Several etiologies may be related to this. The Ilizarov method has become established as a tool for treating these deformities. It minimizes soft-tissue damage through gradual correction of the deformity, with a high success rate in relation to achieving a plantigrade foot, with low incidence of recurrence. The indications for treatment include severe rigid deformities (Dimeglio III and IV), or adverse skin conditions. Careful clinical and radiological examination is fundamental for proper planning and installation of the external fixator. The techniques used include selection of external fixation assemblies, which can be closed when there is a connection between the leg, hindfoot and forefoot. This closed assembly may or may not be constricted, according to whether hinges are provided or whether use of the natural anatomical hinges during correction of the deformity is envisaged. An open assembly makes it possible to add flexibility to the foot through histogenesis, while allowing closed corrections of greater precision later on. Hexapod fixators are an innovation with high potential for accuracy in correcting deformities. Procedures associated with external fixation include soft-tissue release and bone procedures. These procedures enable corrections that are more anatomical, for different degrees of severity and stiffness of deformity. It can be concluded from analyzing this case series that treatment of neglected clubfoot using an external fixator has a high rate of good and excellent results, with low frequency of complications

Qualidade do leite cru dos tanques de expansão individuais e coletivos de um laticínio do município de Rio Pomba, MG - um estudo de caso

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and physico-chemical quality, and verify the occurrence of microbial growth inhibitors in raw milk maintained in expansion tanks of a dairy industry located in Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.. It was collected 36 samples of raw milk from 12 expansion tanks in three replicates and determined the count of mesophilic aerobic, psychrotrophic and proteolytic psychrotrophic microorganisms. It was also determined the somatic cell count, the occurrence of pus and inhibitors of microbial growth in milk samples. Moreover, it was determined physico-chemical composition of milk. It was found that 80.0% of samples were in disagreement with standards established by Normative Instruction n.º51, once mesophilic microorganisms and somatic cells counts were above 7,5 x 105, in addition to the presence of pus and microbial growth inhibitors substances. Also, the count of psychrotrophic and proteolytic psychrotrophic microorganisms were high, which compromises production of dairy products such as cheese, UHT milk, among others. However, we found no irregularities in levels of protein, fat, lactose, and total solids. Therefore, the implementation of good agricultural practices during handling, storage and transportation of raw milk to the dairy industry is necessary in order to minimize financial losses during production and to obtain better quality and safety of dairy products.Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química e verificar a ocorrência de substâncias inibidoras do crescimento microbiano no leite cru procedente dos tanques de expansão individuais e coletivos de uma indústria de laticínios localizada no Município de Rio Pomba, Minas Gerais. Coletou-se 36 amostras de leite cru de 12 tanques de expansão em três repetições. Foram determinadas as contagens de micro-organismos mesófilos aeróbios, psicrotróficos e psicrotróficos proteolíticos. Também foi determinada a contagem de células somáticas, a ocorrência de pus e de substâncias inibidoras do crescimento microbiano, além da composição físico-química do leite. Constatou-se que 80,0% das amostras não atenderam aos padrões estabelecidos pela Instrução Normativa n.º51, devido a contagem de micro-organismos mesófi los aeróbios (UFC.mL-1) e de células somáticas (células.mL-1) estarem acima de 7,5 x 105, além de ser constatada a presença de pus e de substâncias inibidoras do crescimento microbiano em algumas amostras. Além disso, a contagem de micro-organismos psicrotróficos e psicrotróficos proteolíticos foi elevada, o que inviabiliza o direcionamento do leite para a produção de alguns derivados como queijo, leite UHT, dentre outros. Entretanto, não foi constatada irregularidades nos teores médios de proteína, gordura, lactose, extrato seco total e extrato seco desengordurado. Portanto, é necessária a implementação de boas práticas agropecuárias durante a obtenção, armazenamento e transporte do leite cru para que o laticínio receba matéria prima de melhor qualidade. Consequentemente obtenha maior retorno financeiro em decorrência de redução das perdas de rendimento na produção de queijos, principal produto processado pelo mesmo, além da obtenção de produtos de melhor qualidade sensorial e inócuos aos consumidores

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz

p. 839-844We identified different diarrheagenic (DEC) Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from 1,207 children with and without acute endemic diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil collected as part of a case control study. Since the identification of DEC cannot be based on only biochemical and culture criteria, we used a multiplex polymerase chain reaction developed by combining five specific primer pairs for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli/ Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (STEC/EHEC), Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) to detect these pathotypes simultaneously in a single-step reaction. In order to distinguish typical and atypical EPEC strains, these were tested for the presence of EAF plasmid. The prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli in this sample of a global case-control study was 25.4% (259 patients) and 18.7% (35 patients) in the diarrhea group (1,020 patients) and the control group (187 patients), respectively. The most frequently isolated pathotype was EAEC (10.7%), followed by atypical EPEC (9.4%), ETEC (3.7%), and STEC (0.6%). Typical EPEC was detected only in one sample. The prevalence of the pathotypes studied in children with diarrhea was not significantly different from that in children without diarrhea.Rio de Janeir

Detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from children with and without diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

We identified different diarrheagenic (DEC) Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from 1,207 children with and without acute endemic diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil collected as part of a case-control study. Since the identification of DEC cannot be based on only biochemical and culture criteria, we used a multiplex polymerase chain reaction developed by combining five specific primer pairs for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli/ Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (STEC/EHEC), Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) to detect these pathotypes simultaneously in a single-step reaction. In order to distinguish typical and atypical EPEC strains, these were tested for the presence of EAF plasmid. The prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli in this sample of a global case-control study was 25.4% (259 patients) and 18.7% (35 patients) in the diarrhea group (1,020 patients) and the control group (187 patients), respectively. The most frequently isolated pathotype was EAEC (10.7%), followed by atypical EPEC (9.4%), ETEC (3.7%), and STEC (0.6%). Typical EPEC was detected only in one sample. The prevalence of the pathotypes studied in children with diarrhea was not significantly different from that in children without diarrhea

Eucalyptus (Corymbia Citriodora) Essential Oil and Biofertilizer Present Fungistatic Effect on Fusarium guttiforme

Eucalyptus (Corymbia Citriodora) Essential Oil and Biofertilizer Present Fungistatic Effect on Fusarium guttiform