Amphibia, Centrolenidae, Centrolene antioquiense (Noble, 1920): new records and geographical distribution in Colombia

The current work provides three new localities for Centrolene antioquiense (Noble, 1920), a small centrolenid endemic to Colombia and known for just four sites. An updated diagnosis and life pictures of this species are also presented. Centrolene antioquienseapparently inhabits the canopy of montane forest and its natural habitat has been severely reduceddue to deforestation

A new species of Hyloscirtus (Anura: Hylidae) from Colombia, with a rediagnosis of Hyloscirtus Larinopygion (Duellman, 1973).

Hyloscirtus larinopygion is rediagnosed, and a new species formerly confused with that species is described from the highlands of the Central Cordillera in the Andes Mountains of Colombia. The new species differs from the other species of the H. larinopygion group by its color pattern, iris coloration, and presence of a nuptial pad with dark-brown epidermal projections. We discuss variation and diversity of nuptial pads, the calcar tubercle, and some aspects related to the swollen cloacal region in the H. larinopygion group. Finally, we discuss reproductive biology and problems involving the definition of a putative synapomorphy of Hyloscirtus.Fil: Rivera-Correa, Mauricio. Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Rio Grande Do Sul. Faculdade de Biociências; Brasil. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Faivovich, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentin

Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae, Bolitoglossa medemi: distribution extension

Non

Centrolene savagei

Number of Pages: 11Geological SciencesIntegrative Biolog

Molecular phylogenetics of the Pristimantis lacrimosus species group (Anura: Craugastoridae) with the description of a new species from Colombia

The Pristimantis lacrimosus species group, with 24 species distributed in the Neotropics, is a group of arboreal frogs commonly inhabiting bromeliads. Previous studies have claimed the group to be monophyletic but few species have been included in phylogenetic analyses. In this paper, we included five additional species from the northern Andes in Colombia and tested the monophyly of this phenetic group using genetic data under a Bayesian approach. Our results show that the P. lacrimosus group represents two distant and unrelated clades. Clade “A” is endemic to Colombia while Clade “B” encompasses species distributed in Central America, Ecuador and Peru. For the first time, we reveal the phylogenetic position of P. boulengeri and a new species is described. The new taxon is most closely related to P. brevifrons from southwestern Colombia with a genetic distance of 4.3% for 16S and 10.6% for COI. Our results suggest, one more time, that morphological similarity among species in the most diverse vertebrate genus not necessarily agree with its evolutionary history and that more effort in alpha taxonomy needs to be done in order to understand the tremendous radiation of this lineage in the Neotropics

Margen de práctica de la prueba anticipada en material civil bajo la vigencia del Código General del Proceso en el Circuito de Cartago, Valle del Cauca durante el lapso 2016 – 2018.

Esta monografía está formulada para analizar “Cuál es el margen de práctica de la prueba anticipada en materia civil bajo la vigencia del Código General del Proceso en el circuito de Cartago, Valle del Cauca durante el lapso 2016-2018. La prueba extraprocesal anticipada en el ámbito civil tiene como objetivo asegurar la consecución de su finalidad para el proceso futuro, ya que el obviar su práctica adelantada podría dejar a la parte huérfana de un determinado medio probatorio durante la oportunidad procesal existente al interior del trámite procedimental, ya sea por el trascurso del tiempo o por cambio de hechos y/o situaciones, al punto que su resultado no arrojaría los mismos frutos y afectaría alguna circunstancia del proceso. El proyecto también dará cuenta sobre las falencias que pueden existir al momento de practicar la prueba extraprocesal según el Artículo 174 del Código General del Proceso. Así mismo se concluirá dando respuesta al interrogante principal y a todas las cuestiones accesorias que han surgido durante el desarrollo del proceso investigativo, relacionado a la prueba extraprocesal, especialmente lo atinente a su aplicación para los procesos civiles en el circuito de Cartago Valle del cauca durante el lapso anunciado.This monograph es formulated to analyze "What is the margin of practice of the anticipated test in civil matters under the validity of the General Process Code in the circuit of Cartago, Valle del Cauca during the period 2016-2018. The anticipated extraprocess test in the civil sphere aims to ensure the achievement of its purpose for the future process, since the avoidance of its advanced practice could leave the orphaned party of a certain means of evidence during the procedural opportunity existing within the procedural process , either by the passage of time or by changing facts and / or situations, to the point that the result would not yield the same fruits and would affect some circumstance of the process. The project will also give an account of the flaws that may exist at the time of performing the extraprocess test according to Article 174 of the General Process Code. Likewise, it will be concluded by answering the main question and all the accessory questions that have arisen during the development of the investigative process, related to the extraprocess trial, especially regarding its application for the civil processes in the circuit of Cartago Valle del Cauca during the announced periodIntroducción.-- Justificación.-- Objetivos.-- Problema de investigación.-- Hipótesis.-- Planteamiento del problema.-- Desarrollo del problema.-- Marco histórico.-- El margen de práctica de la prueba anticipada en materia civil bajo la vigencia del código general del proceso en el circuito de Cartago, Valle del Cauca durante el lapso 2016-2018.-- Conclusiones.-- Bibliografí

Amphibians in Zootaxa: 20 years documenting the global diversity of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians

Zootaxa is a mega-journal that since its inception, 20 years ago, has contributed to the documentation of the planet?s biodiversity. Its role concerning terrestrial vertebrates has been crucial especially for amphibians, which are the most threatened class of vertebrates. As current editors of the Amphibia section, we reviewed the state of knowledge of taxonomic publications on amphibians over the last two decades (from 2001 to 2020). Our review reveals that 2,533 frogs, 259 salamanders, and 55 caecilians have been named in these 20 years, mainly in the tropical regions of South America, Asia, and Africa. More than half (57%) of these species descriptions were published in only 10 journals. At least 827 species of the new amphibians (29% of the total) were described in Zootaxa. This mega-journal has served also as a place of publication for monographs and systematic reviews, in addition to short articles documenting the vocalizations of anurans and the morphology of embryos and larvae. Its efficient evaluation process, the freedom of manuscript length, including full-color figures, and free of cost for the authors, has made Zootaxa a favorite for amphibian researchers. In an era of accelerating rates of biodiversity loss, documenting, describing, naming, and proposing evolutionary scenarios for species is, more than ever, an urgent task.Fil: Rivera Correa, Mauricio. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Vera Candioti, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Goyannes Dill Orrico, Victor. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Blackburn, David C.. University Of Florida. Florida Museum Of History; Estados UnidosFil: Castroviejo Fisher, Santiago. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Chan, Kin Onn. National University of Singapore; SingapurFil: Gambale, Priscilla. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Gower, David J.. Natural History Museum; Reino UnidoFil: Quah, Evan S. H.. National University of Singapore; SingapurFil: Rowley, Jodi J. L.. University of New South Wales; AustraliaFil: Twomey, Evan. Goethe Universitat Frankfurt; AlemaniaFil: Vences, Miguel. Technische Universitat Carolo Wilhelmina Zu Braunschweig.; Alemani

Nueve jueces entran en diálogo con nueve hipótesis acerca de la prueba de los hechos en el contexto penal

This article formulates nine hypotheses concerning the proof of facts in criminal proceedings, which are analysed by nine judges of Chilean criminal Courts (Tribunal de Juicio Oral y de Garantía). Seven hypotheses aimed at describing different practices that take place in the courts and two of them concern how judges should act in certain hard cases. The matters are grouped in the following categories: a) scopes of the compromise that judges should have in order to operate with true stories as support of their decisions; b) difficulties that arise as consequence of the epistemic weakness of the evidence available in trials and the possible slants in their interpretation; c) requirements of the evaluation of the proof according to the sana crítica; and d) meaning that should have the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt. In this way, a dialogue between the system of beliefs of judges and of jurists takes place

Estado, desarrollo y tendencias de los estudios en acústica de la fauna en Colombia

Acoustic signals are one of the most important ways of communication for fauna. The study of acoustic signals constitutes a valuable tool to obtain information on ecology, behavior, taxonomic identification, and the effect of human activities in natural environments and different animal species. Furthermore, it offers the possibility of quantifying and monitoring biodiversity in different Colombian ecosystems. In this work, we present an analysis of the research on bioacoustics that have been developed in Colombia, to establish a baseline, identify gaps in knowledge, strengths, weaknesses and discuss future challenges for bioacoustics research in Colombia. We searched information on scientific publications, degree papers, and electronic database conference presentations, using different keywords. We obtained 321 results;studies using acoustic tools are much more common in birds (36.4%) and amphibians (35%) than in any other taxonomic group, and there is a bias towards studying bioacoustics in the Andean region. However, this is a field with growing interest, and, therefore, there is a need for collaborative and multidisciplinary work, a consensus on methodologies, along with the strengthening and enrichment of the country's sound collections.Las señales acústicas son una de las formas de comunicación más importante en la fauna, incluso en la ubicación espacial de los individuos y sus presas. El estudio de las señales acústicas fortalece los campos de investigación en ecología, comportamiento, identificación taxonómica, uso de hábitat e incluso el efecto de las actividades humanas sobre diferentes especies animales. Además, es una herramienta para la cuantificación y monitoreo de la biodiversidad. En este trabajo presentamos un análisis de los estudios basados en bioacústica que se han desarrollado en Colombia, con el fin de establecer una línea base e identificar vacíos en el conocimiento, sus fortalezas y debilidades, para discutir los retos futuros para el desarrollo de la investigación sobre bioacústica en el país. Nuestra búsqueda de información se concentró en publicaciones de tipo científico, trabajos de grado y presentaciones en conferencias, a partir de plataformas de datos electrónicos, usando diferentes palabras claves. En total obtuvimos 321 trabajos, en los que los grupos taxonómicaos más estudiados fueron las aves (36.4%) y los anfibios (35%). La mayoría de los trabajos se concentran en la región Andina (63%). La bioacústica es un campo con un creciente interés y, por ende, resulta necesario el trabajo colaborativo y multidisciplinario, la consolidación en las metodologías y el fortalecimiento y enriquecimiento de las colecciones de sonidos del país