Incidencia y distribución altitudinal de 13 virus en cultivos de Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae) en Costa Rica

A survey was conducted in 30 fields located at three different altitudes in Cartago, Costa Rica’s main potato producing area. Twenty plants were sampled per farm, for a total of 600 samples with 200 samples per altitude. ELISA was used with commercial reagents to independently test for PVX, PVY, PVM, PVA, PVS, PLRV, PMTV, PAMV, PVV, PVT, APLV, APMoV and TRSV. The presence of the following viruses was determined: PVX (77 %), PAMV (62 %), PLRV (42 %), TRSV (42 %), PVT (39 %), PVV (37 %), PMTV (31 %), PVY (30 %), PVS (19 %), PVM (13 %), PVA (8 %), and APMoV (8 %). APLV was not detected in any sample. This is the first report in Costa Rica of the presence of the viruses PMTV, PAMV, PVV, PVT and APMoV. A high viral incidence in the tuber seed production area as well as a high rate of mixed infections is reported.En Cartago, la zona productora de papa más importante de Costa Rica, se realizó un muestreo en 30 fincas ubicadas a tres altitudes. Se recolectaron 20 plantas por finca y 200 muestras por altitud. Todas las muestras se analizaron independientemente mediante ELISA, para PVX, PVY, PVM, PVA, PVS, PLRV, PMTV, PAMV, PVV, PVT, APLV, APMoV y TRSV, utilizando reactivos comerciales. Se identificó la presencia de PVX (77 %), PAMV (62 %), PLRV (42 %), TRSV (42 %), PVT (39 %), PVV (37 %), PMTV (31 %), PVY (30 %), PVS (19 %), PVM (13 %), PVA (8 %), y APMoV (8 %). No se detectó APLV en ninguna de las muestras analizadas. Se informan por primera vez la presencia en Costa Rica de los virus PMTV, PAMV, PVV, PVT y APMoV. Se informa la alta incidencia viral en la zona dedicada a la producción de tubérculos como semilla y la alta tasa de infecciones mixtas

PVX and PVY effect on Solanum tuberosum greenhouse yield of the cultivars Floresta and Granola

copyright 2004 Revista MIPA, CATIE, Costa Rica Datos y artículo incluido por Lisela Moreira Carmona, responsable de depósitos de publicaciones del área de Patógenos y Plagas del CIBCMSe realizaron dos ensayos en invernadero para medir el efecto de la infección de PVY y PVX en las variedades cultivadas de papa Floresta y Granola, comúnmente sembradas en Costa Rica. Se sembraron vitroplantas libres de virus, de ambas variedades, en invernadero. Se inocularon 54 plantas de cada variedad con inóculo de PVX mantenido en Nicotiana glutinosa, y 35 plantas de cada variedad con inóculo de PVY mantenido en Nicotiana tabaccum. En el momento de la cosecha se evaluó el número y el peso de los tubérculos obtenidos por maceta de las plantas inoculadas y de las sanas (control). Las plantas sanas de la variedad Floresta produjeron tres veces más tubérculos y de mayor peso que las de Granola. El cultivar Floresta fue más susceptible a la infección con PVX, que redujo el rendimiento en un 26%. No se demostró efecto de la infección con PVY en ninguna de las variedades. Los síntomas fueron más severos en las plantas de Floresta que en las de Granola, para la infección con ambos virus.Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of PVY and PVX on the yield of two potato varieties commonly grown in Costa Rica: Floresta and Granola. Virus-free in vitro plants of both varieties were planted in pots in the greenhouse. Fifty-four plants of each variety were inoculated with PVX maintained in Nicotiana glutinosa and 35 plants of each variety were inoculated with PVY maintained in Nicotiana tabaccum.The number and weight of the tubers obtained from inoculated and healthy control plants were recorded. Healthy Floresta plants produced three times more tubers of greater weight than the healthy control plants of the Granola variety. Yields of Floresta plants infected with PVX were 26% lower than in healthy controls. Yields were not affected by PVY infection in either one of the varieties. Symptoms of both viruses were more severe in Floresta than in Granola.Universidad de Costa Rica/[801-94-905]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[801-99-530]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM

Population Genomic Analysis of a Bacterial Plant Pathogen: Novel Insight into the Origin of Pierce's Disease of Grapevine in the U.S.

Invasive diseases present an increasing problem worldwide; however, genomic techniques are now available to investigate the timing and geographical origin of such introductions. We employed genomic techniques to demonstrate that the bacterial pathogen causing Pierce's disease of grapevine (PD) is not native to the US as previously assumed, but descended from a single genotype introduced from Central America. PD has posed a serious threat to the US wine industry ever since its first outbreak in Anaheim, California in the 1880s and continues to inhibit grape cultivation in a large area of the country. It is caused by infection of xylem vessels by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, a genetically distinct subspecies at least 15,000 years old. We present five independent kinds of evidence that strongly support our invasion hypothesis: 1) a genome-wide lack of genetic variability in X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa found in the US, consistent with a recent common ancestor; 2) evidence for historical allopatry of the North American subspecies X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex and X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa; 3) evidence that X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa evolved in a more tropical climate than X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex; 4) much greater genetic variability in the proposed source population in Central America, variation within which the US genotypes are phylogenetically nested; and 5) the circumstantial evidence of importation of known hosts (coffee plants) from Central America directly into southern California just prior to the first known outbreak of the disease. The lack of genetic variation in X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in the US suggests that preventing additional introductions is important since new genetic variation may undermine PD control measures, or may lead to infection of other crop plants through the creation of novel genotypes via inter-subspecific recombination. In general, geographically mixing of previously isolated subspecies should be avoided

Occurrence of Potato Powdery Scab Caused by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea in Costa Rica

copyright 2002 The American Phytopathological Society (APS) Journals. Datos y artículo incluido por Lisela Moreira Carmona, responsable de depósitos de publicaciones del área de Patógenos y Plagas del CIBCMPowdery scab of potatoes, caused by Spongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerheim f. sp. subterranea Tomlinson, is important worldwide due to its effect on tuber quality and transmission of Potato mop-top virus. Although powdery scab-like lesions have been observed on potato in Costa Rica (1), the presence of the pathogen has not been confirmed. During a survey in 2001, powdery scab-on was observed from a field and a greenhouse in the high elevation zone of the main potato-producing area of Costa Rica. Commercial potatoes with scab-like lesions were also obtained at a farmers' market. Scraping the lesions, and observing spore balls or cystosori with a honey-comb-like structure under light microscopy confirmed the identity of S. subterranea. The identity of the pathogen was also confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies specific for S. subterranea (BioReba Ag, Reinach, Switzerland). Pathogenicity of S. subterranea was confirmed by a bioassay on tomato plants grown in nutrient solution culture (2). Tomato cv. Supermarmande plants were grown from seed in pots filled with quartz and watered with nutrient solution. Three weeks after planting, the roots were trimmed to 60 mm, and the plants were transferred to the nutrient solution for additional growth. After growing for 1 week in the nutrient solution, tomato seedlings were inoculated by replacing the nutrient solution with nutrient solution containing cystosori (20 mg/liter, wt/vol) that were scraped from the scab lesions. Zoosporangia of S. subterranea were observed in root hairs and epidermal cells of the seedlings 2 weeks after inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report that confirms the presence of S. subterranea on potato in Costa Rica.Universidad de Costa Rica/[801-A2-506]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Microbiologí

Diagnostic of viral infections in potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Alfaro Ruíz, Costa Rica

Copyright 2008. Revista Manejo Integrado de Plagas y Agroecología (CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica). Datos y artículo incluido por Lisela Moreira Carmona, área de Patógenos y Plagas de Plantas (CIBCM).La presencia de 13 virus que afectan al cultivo de papa se investigó en el cantón de Alfaro Ruiz (zona de Zarcero) en Costa Rica. Se muestrearon 14 plantaciones de papa, y de cada una se recolectaron muestras foliares de 20 plantas, para un total de 280 muestras. Cada muestra se analizó individualmente mediante la técnica de ELISA, utilizando anticuerpos capaces de detectar 13 virus que afectan el cultivo de la papa. Se detecto la presencia de 12 de los virus analizados. En ninguna de las muestras analizadas se detectó la presencia del APLV. La incidencia de los virus encontrados fue 81,4% PVX; 46,4% PLRV; 47,14% PVS; 43,9% PVY; 27,9% PVA; 20,7% PVM; 17,14% PAMV; 11,79% AMV; 9,28% PVT; 7,8% PVV; 7,86% PMTV; y 3,57% APMoV. Únicamente tres plantas se encontraron libres de todos los virus analizados y el 91% de las muestras presento infecciones mixtas, siendo las infecciones con dos, tres o cuatro virus las más comunes. Se detectaron al menos seis virus distintos en cada una de las 14 plantaciones. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de fortalecer el Programa Nacional de Certificación de Semilla de Papa y de capacitar a los agricultores en el manejo de su semilla.The occurrence of 13 plant viruses known to infect potato fields was analyzed in the area of Alfaro Ruiz (Zarcero) in Costa Rica. A survey was conducted in 14 potato fields. At each field, leaf tissue was collected from 20 plants. Each sample was individually analyzed by ELISA, using antibodies able to detect 13 different potato-infecting viruses. With the exception of APLV, all the probed viruses were detected. The incidence of each virus was 81.4% PVX, 46.4% PLRV, 47.14% PVS, 43.9% PVY, 27.9% PVA, 20.7% PVM, 17.14% PAMV, 11.79% AMV, 9.28% PVT, 7.8% PVV, 7.86% PMTV and 3.57% APMoV. Only three plant samples were free from all the tested viruses and 91% of the samples presented mixed infections. Simultaneous infections with two, three or four viruses were very common. At least six different viruses were detected at each field. These results point out the need to improve the national potato seed certification program and train potato producers in the management of potato seed lots.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología/[Fondo de Incentivos MICIT-CONICIT]/MICIT/Costa RicaConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología/[Fondo de Incentivos MICIT-CONICIT]/CONICIT/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[801-A2-504]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Microbiologí

Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Isolates of Beauveria bassiana of Neotropical Origin

Corresponde al ensamblaje depositado en el NCBI bajo el código de BioProject: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA658593Beauveria bassiana, a well-known entomopathogenic fungus, has a worldwide distribution; however, genomes of isolates from the Neotropical region are scarce. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of eight B. bassiana isolates from Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, and Honduras.Beauveria bassiana, un hongo entomopatógeno bien conocido, tiene una distribución mundial; sin embargo, los genomas de aislamientos de la región Neotropical son escasos. Aquí, informamos el borrador de las secuencias del genoma de ocho aislamientos de B. bassiana de Costa Rica, Puerto Rico y Honduras.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaEscuela de Ciencias BiológicasLaboratorio de Bioinformática Aplicad

Incidence, Distribution, and Association of Spongospora subterranea and Potato mop-top virus in Costa Rica

Copyright © 2008, Plant Disease, American Phytopathological Society Datos incluidos por Lisela Moreira Carmona, responsable de depósitos para el área de Patógenos y plagas de plantas del CIBCMA survey was conducted in 39 potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields in Costa Rica to determine incidence and association of Spongospora subterranean f. sp. subterranea and Potato mop-top pomovirus (PMTV). The fields were located in Costa Rica’s two major potato-production regions and were further characterized by their altitude. In all, 633 paired samples of leaf tissue and corresponding tubers were collected, assessed visually for disease, and subsequently assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). S. subterranea presence in tuber tissue was tested by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and PMTV presence in leaf and tuber tissues was tested by triple-antibody sandwich (TAS)-ELISA. Moreover, soil samples were collected from 10 fields surveyed and were evaluated for both pathogens via ELISA and bioassay. The incidence of both diseases ranged from 0 to 100% within individual fields, with incidences lower than 40% occurring in more than 70% of the fields. Higher incidences were found in fields located at higher altitudes. Of the 633 paired samples, 179 and 146 were positive for PMTV and S. subterranea, respectively, according to ELISA in either the foliage or tubers. A low correlation was found for PMTV visual symptoms and ELISA test results. Only 14 of the 81 foliar samples testing positive for PMTV had visual symptoms; the remaining 67 samples were asymptomatic. Conversely, comparison of visual evaluation with detection of S. subterranea by ELISA on tubers showed that 70% of the results were coincident. S. subterranea was detected in 4 of 10 soil samples tested by ELISA. Soilborne PMTV was detected by ELISA in roots of bait plants sown in these soil samples. Co-occurrence of both pathogens was detected in 64 samples. A significant but low degree of association for vector and virus was determined, and data suggests that S. subterranea is participating in the transmission of PMTV in Costa Rica in low frequencyUniversidad de Costa Rica/[801-94-905]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM

Genipa americana and Ageratina anisochroma, two new hosts of Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris in Costa Rica

Copyright © 2018, Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc.We report two new plant species hosts for Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris: Genipa americana (Rubiaceae) and Ageratina anisochroma (Asteraceae). Phytoplasma infections were detected by real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification and nestedPCR.Consensussequencesfrombothhostsshare99%identitytothe16SrI-BsubgroupusingBLAST;however,potential new subgroups are suggested due to unique RFLP patterns of the 16S rDNA F2nR2 fragment.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM

Detection of Plantago asiatica mosaic virus in lily hybrid plants(Lilium spp.) in Costa Rica grown from imported bulbs

Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) was detected in Costa Rica infecting lily plants showing foliar chlorotic and necrotic streaking. Virus identity was established by TEM, sequencing and ELISA. Pathogenicity was confirmed on Nicotiana benthamiana by mechanical inoculation, and PlAMV was detected by ELISA and RT-PCR.Universidad de Costa Rica/[801-B3-126]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[801-A1-801]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de Agronomí

First report of Iris yellow spot virus in Costa Rica

Copyright © 2017, Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc.Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), an emerging disease of onion crops, was identified by transmission electron microscopy, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in Costa Rica. Onion plants had straw-colored, elongated lesions and tip dieback. Costa Rican IYSV nucleocapsid partial sequences (15 isolates) grouped with isolates from North and Central America and from New Zealand.Universidad de Costa Rica/[801-B3-126]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Facultad de Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Escuela de Agronomí