Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

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Expressed sequence tags from Atta laevigata and identification of candidate genes for the control of pest leaf-cutting ants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Leafcutters are the highest evolved within Neotropical ants in the tribe Attini and model systems for studying caste formation, labor division and symbiosis with microorganisms. Some species of leafcutters are agricultural pests controlled by chemicals which affect other animals and accumulate in the environment. Aiming to provide genetic basis for the study of leafcutters and for the development of more specific and environmentally friendly methods for the control of pest leafcutters, we generated expressed sequence tag data from <it>Atta laevigata</it>, one of the pest ants with broad geographic distribution in South America.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The analysis of the expressed sequence tags allowed us to characterize 2,006 unique sequences in <it>Atta laevigata</it>. Sixteen of these genes had a high number of transcripts and are likely positively selected for high level of gene expression, being responsible for three basic biological functions: energy conservation through redox reactions in mitochondria; cytoskeleton and muscle structuring; regulation of gene expression and metabolism. Based on leafcutters lifestyle and reports of genes involved in key processes of other social insects, we identified 146 sequences potential targets for controlling pest leafcutters. The targets are responsible for antixenobiosis, development and longevity, immunity, resistance to pathogens, pheromone function, cell signaling, behavior, polysaccharide metabolism and arginine kynase activity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from <it>Atta laevigata </it>have provided important genetic basis for future studies on the biology of leaf-cutting ants and may contribute to the development of a more specific and environmentally friendly method for the control of agricultural pest leafcutters.</p

OXIDAÇÃO ELETROQUÍMICA DOS CORANTES REATIVOS PRETO 5 E AZUL 19 UTILIZANDO UM ELETRODO DE DIAMANTE DOPADO COM BORO NÃO COMERCIAL

We have studied the treatment of Reactive Black 5 (RP5) and Blue 19 (RA19), which are respectively azo and anthraquinone textile dyes, by electrochemical oxidation using a non commercial boron doped diamond electrode supported on titanium metallic with a relation between B and C equal to 15,000 ppm. Pt was used as counter electrode and Ag/AgCl(sat) was the reference electrode. The variables investigated to optimize the degradation were support electrolyte concentration (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mol L-1 of K2SO4), temperature (25, 35 and 45 ºC) and pH (2.5 and 10) by applying a current density of 75 mA cm-2. Total decolorization was observed in all electrochemical conditions studied. The highest rates of mineralization and chromatographic area removal were attained at high support electrolyte concentration due to the increase of conductivity, which caused more generation of hydroxyl radicals. RP5 was degraded at lower electrolysis time than RA19 with smaller requirement of electric charge. The mineralization rate increased in acid medium and at higher temperature since the increase in temperature favors the generation reactions of persulfate. These conditions led to the highest levels of current efficiencies and lower energy consumed

Os Arquivos Brasileiros de Nutrição: uma revisão sobre produção científica em nutrição no Brasil (1944 a 1968) Arquivos Brasileiros de Nutrição: a review of scientific research on nutrition in Brazil from 1944 to 1968

Este trabalho consiste em uma revis��o de 209 artigos originais publicados pelos Arquivos Brasileiros de Nutrição (1944/1968), um periódico editado pelo médico-nutrólogo Josué de Castro, diretor-fundador do Instituto de Nutrição da Universidade do Brasil (atual Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro). A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na realização de uma análise quanti-qualitativa, buscando sumariar tanto os conteúdos temáticos abordados, como o perfil dos autores dos artigos. Os resultados deste estudo revelam, por um lado, que 134 destes artigos (64%) foram inseridos dentro da perspectiva biológica da nutrição e correspondem, na maioria, a pesquisas laboratoriais sobre a composição química e o valor nutricional de alimentos nacionais. Por outro lado, a análise dos 75 artigos (36%) incluídos na perspectiva social atesta o esforço dos primeiros nutrólogos brasileiros em construir e aperfeiçoar os instrumentos metodológicos específicos para investigar as condições nutricionais de nossa população, bem como em contribuir para a consolidação do campo da nutrição no Brasil.<br>This study reviews 209 original articles published in the journal Arquivos Brasileiros de Nutrição (1944/1968), a periodical edited by Josué de Castro, physician, specialist in nutrition, and founder-director of the Institute of Nutrition at the University of Brazil (now the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro). Our methodology was based on quantitative and qualitative analyses, aimed at summarizing both the topic itself and the authors' backgrounds. Results showed that 134 of the articles (64%) adopted a biological perspective to nutrition, mostly focusing on laboratory research concerning the chemical composition and nutritional value of Brazilian foodstuffs. On the other hand, 75 articles (36%) took a social perspective, testifying to the first efforts by Brazilian nutritional experts to create and improve specific methodological tools for investigating our population's nutritional conditions, thereby helping to consolidate the field of nutrition in the country