Efeito do verniz fluoretado e da solução de diamino fluoreto de prata na desmineralização do esmalte: estudo utilizando modelo de ciclagem de pH

OBJECTIVE: In the present investigation, the anticariogenic effect of fluoride released by two products commonly applied in infants was evaluated. METHODS: Bovine sound enamel blocks were randomly allocated to each one of the treatment groups: control (C), varnish (V) and diamine silver fluoride solution (D). The blocks were submitted to pH cycles in an oven at 37ºC. Next, surface and cross-sectional microhardness were assessed to calculate the percentage loss of surface microhardness (%SML) and the mineral loss (deltaZ). The fluoride present in enamel was also determined. RESULTS: F/Px10-3 (ANOVA, pOBJETIVOS: Este trabalho avaliou o efeito anticariogênico do flúor liberado por dois produtos comumente aplicados em crianças. MÉTODOS: Para isto, utilizaram-se blocos de esmalte de dentes bovinos distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos de tratamento: controle (C), verniz fluoretado (V) e solução de diamino fluoreto de prata (D). Os blocos foram submetidos à ciclagem de pH a 37ºC. Após, realizou-se o teste de microdureza de superfície (para o cálculo da % da perda de microdureza de superfície - %SML) e em secção longitudinal do esmalte (% de alteração da área mineral - %deltaZ) e a determinação do flúor presente no esmalte (F/P x 10-3). RESULTADOS: As concentrações de flúor (ANOVA,

Infestação por Aedes aegypti estimada por armadilha de oviposição em Salvador, Bahia

OBJECTIVE: To assess infestation levels of Aedes aegypti using the oviposition trap (ovitrap) method and to compare these results with data obtained with the use of indices traditionally applied in public programs aimed at fighting this vector. METHODS: Nine sentinel areas in Northeastern, Brazil, were assessed and infestation levels were measured for a nine-month period. Egg density and container indices were estimated and compared with previous results found using the house index and Breteau index. RESULTS: The results indicated that the area studied was infested with this vector during the entire study period and that the infestation was widespread in all areas. Different results were found with the different indices studied. There were areas in which the house index and the Breteau index were negative or close to zero, whereas the container index for the same area was 11% and the egg density index was 8.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The container and egg density indices allow better assessment of infestation rates in a city than the conventionally used indices (house index and Breteau index). At lower operational costs and easier standardization, these indices can be applied as a measurement tool for assessing infestation rates during entomological surveillance in programs to fight Aedes aegypti.OBJETIVO: Estimar os índices de infestação do Aedes aegypti, utilizando ovitrampa com atrativo e comparar esse método com os tradicionalmente utilizados nos programas oficiais de combate ao vetor. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas nove áreas sentinelas de Salvador, Estado da Bahia, durante nove meses. Foram calculados os índices de densidade de ovos e positividade de ovitrampa, e levantamento dos índices de infestação predial e de Breteau para comparação. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o município apresentou infestação pelo vetor durante todo o período de estudo em todas as áreas sentinelas. Os índices nem sempre apresentaram resultados de infestação semelhantes. Em algumas áreas os índices de infestação predial e de Breteau foram negativos ou próximos de zero, enquanto que o índice de positividade de ovitrampa apresentou valor de 11% e o índice de densidade de ovos 8,3%. CONCLUSÕES: O índice de positividade de ovitrampa e o índice de densidade de ovos permitem avaliar melhor o quadro de infestação de uma cidade com custo operacional bastante reduzido e com maior facilidade de padronização do que os índices tradicionais (infestação predial e de Breteau). Recomenda-se, assim, sua utilização nas fases de levantamento de índices e de vigilância entomológica desenvolvidas pelo programa de combate ao Aedes aegypti

Avaliação do teor de flúor e pH em diferentes soluções para bochechos no mercado nacional

In this study, the fluoride concentration and pH of 14 commercial brands of mouthrinses were assessed in order to compare them with the values expressed on the labels and with those established by the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. Forty-two (42) products were obtained from three places, with different manufacturing batches. The fluoride concentration was determined in diluted solutions, using a combined specific electrode for fluoride ion (9609 BN Orion Research) and ion analyzer (290 A Orion Research). The results showed that 50% of the solutions had statistically significant differences, with higher fluoride concentrations than those expressed on the labels, and the pH ranged from 4.23 to 7.34, but only one of the products registered the pH value on its label.No presente estudo, o teor de flúor e o pH de 14 marcas comerciais de soluções para bochechos foram avaliados a fim de comparar com os valores expressos nos rótulos e com aqueles determinados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Foram adquiridos 42 produtos em três localidades, com diferentes lotes de fabricação. A concentração de flúor foi determinada em soluções diluídas, utilizando-se eletrodo específico combinado para íon flúor (9609 BN Orion Research) e analisador de íons (290 A Orion Research). Os resultados mostraram que 50% das soluções apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes, com concentrações de flúor superiores àquelas expressas nos rótulos e o pH variou entre 4,23 a 7,34, mas apenas um dos produtos registrou o valor do pH em seu rótulo

Endoscopic-assisted canal wall-up tympanomastoidectomy for reduction of residual cholesteatoma

Introduction The treatment of cholesteatoma is generally surgical, and the major obstacle is the high prevalence of recidivism. The endoscopic ear surgery technique is proposed to minimize this problem. Objectives To utilize endoscopes to visualize andmanipulate cholesteatoma residues after microscopic removal Methods Cross-sectional study. Thirty-two patients with cholesteatoma underwent microscopic wall-up mastoidectomy combined with the endoscopic approach. The subjects were assessed for the presence and location of covert disease. Results Of the 32 cases, 17 (53.12%) had residual cholesteatoma in the endoscopic phase.Minimal disease was found, usually fragments of the cholesteatomamatrix. Pars tensa cholesteatomas had more covert disease than pars flaccida cholesteatomas (62.50% vs 43.75%). Posterior recesses (47.05%) and tegmen tympani (41.17%) were the locations with more covert disease (p<0.05). Conclusion Cholesteatomas of the pars tensa presented more residual disease and were significantly more common in the posterior recesses and tegmen tympani

Taxas de serviço, concepção e prenhez de vacas nelore tratadas com gonadotrofina coriônica humana e 17²-estradiol após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo

Strategies to reduce embryo mortality in cattle have been evaluated. Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) cows were submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI D0) after a GnRH/PGF2±/GnRH protocol. Cows were divided in the following groups: Control (Gc; n=55), hCG (GhCG; n=55) received 3000 IU of hCG on D5 , E2 (G E2; n=55) received 5 mg of Estradiol-17² (E2) on D12 and hCG/E2 (GhCG/E2; n=55) received hCG on D5 and E2 on D12. TAI represented the 1st day of a 64 day breeding season. The Ç2 test was applied to compare mating rate (MR), conception rate (CR) and pregnancy rate (PR) to TAI and AIs after natural estrus within the season as well as their accumulated figures at the end of the season. MR and CR for AIs within season did not differ (P&gt;;.10). PR to TAI differed (P&lt;.05) among groups. G E2 showed the lowest rate (5,4%). Gc (34.5%) and GhCG (36.5%) tended (P&lt;.10) to be higher than GhCG/E2 (18.2%). There was no effect of hCG on pregnancy rates. E2 reduced PR to TAI and at the end of season which means that cows receiving E2 (G E2 + GhCG/E2) had lower (66.4%; P&lt;.05) PR than cows not receiving E2 (G C + GhCG; 80.9%). In conlusion, the strategies to manipulate luteal and follicular function herein tested did not increase pregnancy rates in Nelore cows submitted to a TAI.Avaliaram-se estratégias para reduzir a mortalidade embrionária em bovinos. Vacas Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) foram inseminadas em tempo fixo (IATF - D0) após o protocolo GnRH/PGF2±/GnRH e divididas nos grupos: Controle (Gc; n=55), hCG (GhCG; n=55) recebeu 3000 UI da hCG no D5 , E2 (G E2; n=55) recebeu 5 mg de 17²-Estradiol (E2) no D12 e hCG/E2 (GhCG/E2; n=55) recebeu 3000 UI da hCG no D5 e 5 mg do E2 no D12. A IA TF foi o 1º dia da estação de reprodução de 64 dias. Usou-se o teste do Ç2 para comparar as taxas de serviço (TS), concepção (TC) e prenhez à IA TF (TP IATF), às IAs de repasse e acumuladas. A TS e a TC das IAs de repasse não diferiu (P&gt;;0,10). Houve diferenças nas TP IATF (P&lt;0,05), pois a TP IATF do G E2 (5,4%) foi a mais baixa e a do Gc (34,5%) e GhCG (36,5%) tenderam (P&lt;0,10) ser maiores que a do GhCG/E2 (18,2%). Não houve efeito da hCG sobre as taxas de prenhez. O E2 reduziu a TP IATF e ao final da estação as vacas que receberam o E2 (G E2 + GhCG/E2) tiveram TPacum (66,4%) mais baixa (P&lt;0,05) de que aquelas (80,9%) que não receberam (G C + GhCG). Em conclusão, as estratégias adotadas de manipulação luteínica ou folicular não aumentaram as taxas de prenhez em vacas Nelore após uma IA TF

Validação do modelo de ciclagem de pH e avaliação da efetividade de dentifrícios suplementados com cálcio e fosfato e baixa concentração de flúor

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o efeito da saliva artificial como meio de diluição dos dentifrícios em ciclagem de pH, para validar a comparação entre dentifrícios experimentais e dentifrícios suplementados com cálcio e fosforo e, em seguida, avaliar a efetividade de dentifrícios suplementados com cálcio e fosforo e com concentração baixa de flúor utilizando um modelo de ciclagem de pH. Na primeira parte do trabalho realizou-se 2 ciclagens de pH: uma onde os dentifrícios foram diluidos em água destilada/deionizada e, na outra em saliva artificial. Os blocos de esmalte, previamente selecionados através de microdureza de superfície, foram submetidos ao tratamento diário, na segunda parte do trabalho, com dentifrício placebo, 275, 550, 450-s, 1100, 1000-s ppm F e Crest, sendo estes diluidos em saliva artificial e submetidos a ciclagem de pH. Em seguida, realizou-se o calculo da variação da microdureza de superfície, percentagem de volume mineral e flúor presente no esmalte...The object of this study was to check the effect of the artificial saliva as a means of diluting the dentifrices in pH cycling, to validate the comparison among the experimental dentifrices and dentifrices supplemented with calcium and phosphate, and then, to assess the effectiveness of dentifrices supplemented with calcium and phosphate and with a low fluoride concentration, using a pH cycling model. In the first part of the study, 2 pH cyclings were performed: one in which the dentifrices were diluted in distilled/deionized water, and in the other, in artificial saliva. The enamel blocks, previously selected through surface microhardness, were submitted to daily treatment in the second part of the study, with dentifrice placebo 275, 550, 450-S, 1100, 1000-S ppm F and Crest, and these were diluted in artificial saliva and submitted to pH cycling. Next, the calculation was made of the variation in surface microhardness, percentage of mineral volume and fluoride present in the enamel. Parametric and non-parametric tests and regression analyses were used to determine the difference (p<0.05) and the dose-response...(Complete abstract click electronic access below

Infestation of Aedes aegypti estimated by oviposition traps in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To assess infestation levels of Aedes aegypti using the oviposition trap (ovitrap) method and to compare these results with data obtained with the use of indices traditionally applied in public programs aimed at fighting this vector. METHODS: Nine sentinel areas in Northeastern, Brazil, were assessed and infestation levels were measured for a nine-month period. Egg density and container indices were estimated and compared with previous results found using the house index and Breteau index. RESULTS: The results indicated that the area studied was infested with this vector during the entire study period and that the infestation was widespread in all areas. Different results were found with the different indices studied. There were areas in which the house index and the Breteau index were negative or close to zero, whereas the container index for the same area was 11% and the egg density index was 8.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The container and egg density indices allow better assessment of infestation rates in a city than the conventionally used indices (house index and Breteau index). At lower operational costs and easier standardization, these indices can be applied as a measurement tool for assessing infestation rates during entomological surveillance in programs to fight Aedes aegypti