Formación del profesorado universitario para la educación por competencias

La educación se encuentra en un proceso de análisis, revisión y transformaciones para responder a las demandas de la sociedad producto de los avances de la ciencia, la tecnología y los efectos de la globalización del conocimiento. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es el de reflexionar acerca de la necesaria formación del profesorado universitario para la educación por competencias. La realidad del mundo actual implica exigencias y requerimientos, para que el ser humano esté en condiciones de enfrentar los diversos problemas del entorno por ello el proceso educativo debe apuntar a desarrollar una capacidad adaptativa a las circunstancias. El docente debe recibir una formación intelectual académica, pero también psicopedagógica. Cuando se habla de formación psicopedagógica de los profesores, necesariamente hay que referirse a un proceso amplio de preparación en la educación, con el fuerte compromiso de tomar una posición dentro del campo y de generar a la vez conocimientos sobre el mismo. La formación del docente debe ser de enfoque holístico y, necesariamente, debe darse de esa manera para que pueda guiar un significativo proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje

The prognostic value of 123I-mIBG SPECT cardiac imaging in heart failure patients: a systematic review

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of Iodine123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) SPECT myocardial imaging in patients with heart failure (HF) and to assess whether semi-quantitative SPECT scores can be useful for accurate risk stratification concerning arrhythmic event (AE) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in this cohort. A systematic literature search of studies published until November 2020 regarding the application of 123ImIBG SPECT in HF patients was performed, in Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Central (Cochrane Library) and Web Of Science databases, including the words ‘‘MIBG’’, ‘‘metaiodobenzylguanidine’’, ‘‘heart’’, ‘‘spect’’, and ‘‘tomographic’’. The included studies had to correlate 123ImIBG SPECT scores with endpoints such as overall survival and prevention ofAE and SCD inHF patients. According to the sixteen studies included, the analysis showed that 123I-mIBG SPECT scores, such as summed defect score (SDS), regional wash-out (rWO), and regional myocardial tracer uptake, could have a reliable prognostic value in patients with HF. An increased SDS or rWO, as well as a reduced 123I-mIBGmyocardial uptake, have proven to be effective in predicting AE- and SCD-specific risk in HF patients. Despite achieved results being promising, a more reproducible standardized method for semi-quantitative analysis and further studies with larger cohort are needed for 123I-mIBG SPECT myocardial imaging to be as reliable and, thus, accepted as the conventional 123I-mIBG planar myocardial imaging

Risk factors associated with mortality among elderly patients with COVID-19: Data from 55 intensive care units in Spain

On behalf of CIBERESUCICOVID Project (COV20/00110ISCIII).Introduction and objectives: Critically-ill elderly ICU patients with COVID-19 have poor outcomes. We aimed to compare the rates of in-hospital mortality between non-elderly and elderly critically-ill COVID-19 ventilated patients, as well as to analyze the characteristics, secondary outcomes and independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality of elderly ventilated patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a multicentre, observational cohort study including consecutive critically-ill patients admitted to 55 Spanish ICUs due to severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (non-invasive respiratory support [NIRS; include non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula] and invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV]) between February 2020 and October 2021. Results: Out of 5,090 critically-ill ventilated patients, 1,525 (27%) were aged =70 years (554 [36%] received NIRS and 971 [64%] received IMV. In the elderly group, median age was 74 years (interquartile range 72–77) and 68% were male. Overall in-hospital mortality was 31% (23% in patients <70 years and 50% in those =70 years; p<0.001). In-hospital mortality in the group =70 years significantly varied according to the modality of ventilation (40% in NIRS vs. 55% in IMV group; p<0.001). Factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly ventilated patients were age (sHR 1.07 [95%CI 1.05–1.10], p<0.001); previous admission within the last 30 days (sHR 1.40 [95%CI 1.04–1.89], p = 0.027); chronic heart disease (sHR 1.21 [95%CI 1.01–1.44], p = 0.041); chronic renal failure (sHR 1.43 [95%CI 1.12- 1.82], p = 0.005); platelet count (sHR 0.98 [95% CI 0.98–0.99], p<0.001); IMV at ICU admission (sHR 1.41 [95% CI 1.16- 1.73], p<0.001); and systemic steroids (sHR 0.61 [95%CI 0.48- 0.77], p<0.001). Conclusions: Amongst critically-ill COVID-19 ventilated patients, those aged =70 years presented significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality than younger patients. Increasing age, previous admission within the last 30 days, chronic heart disease, chronic renal failure, platelet count, IMV at ICU admission and systemic steroids (protective) all comprised independent factors for in-hospital mortality in elderly patientsThis study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Madrid (COV20/00110, ISCIII); Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); "Una manera de hacer Europa"; and Centro de Investigacion Biomédica En Red - Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES). DdGC has received financial support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Miguel Servet 2020:CP20/00041), co-funded by European Social Fund (ESF)/ “Investing in your future”. CC received a grant from the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria ( PI19/00207), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by the European Union.Peer ReviewedCIBERESUCICOVID Project Investigators: Víctor D. Gumucio- Sanguino, Rafael Manez: Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona. Jordi Sole-Violan, Felipe Rodríguez de Castro: Hospital Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas. Fernando SuarezSipmann: Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid. Ruth Noemí Jorge García, María Mora Aznar: Hospital Nuestra Senora de Gracia, Zaragoza. Mateu Torres, María Martinez, Cynthia Alegre, Jordi Riera, Sofía Contreras: Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona. Jesus Caballero, Javier Trujillano, Montse Vallverdu, Miguel Leon, Mariona Badía, Begona Balsera, Lluís Servia, Judit Vilanova, Silvia Rodríguez, Neus Montserrat, Silvia Iglesias, Javier Prados, Sula Carvalho, Mar Miralbes, Josman Monclou, Gabriel Jimenez, Jordi Codina, Estela Val, Pablo Pagliarani, Jorge Rubio, Dulce Morales, Andres Pujol, Angels Furro, Beatriz García, Gerard Torres, Javier Vengoechea, David de Gonzalo-Calvo, Jessica Gonzalez, Silvia Gomez: Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida. Jose M. Gomez: Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid. Nieves Franco: Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, Madrid. Jose Barberan: Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe. Guillermo M Albaiceta, Lorena Forcelledo Espina, Emilio García Prieto, Paula Martín Vicente, Cecilia del Busto Martínez: Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. Pablo Vidal: Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense. Jose Luis García Garmendia, María Aguilar Cabello, Carmen Eulalia Martínez Fernandez: Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Sevilla. Nieves Carbonell, María Luisa Blasco Cortes, Ainhoa Serrano Lazaro, Mar Juan Díaz: Hospital Clínic Universitari de Valencia, Valencia. Aaron Blandino Ortiz:Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid. Rosario Menendez: Hospital La Fe de Valencia. Luis Jorge Valdivia: Hospital Universitario de Leon, Leon. María Victoria Boado: Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo. Susana Sancho Chinesta: Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia. Maria del Carmen de la Torre: Hospital de Mataro. Ignacio Martínez Varela, María Teresa Bouza Vieiro, Ines Esmorís Arij on: Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo. David Campi Hermoso., Rafaela Nogueras Salinas., Teresa Farre Monjo., Ramon Nogue Bou., Gregorio Marco Naya., Carme Barbera, Nuria Ramon Coll: Hospital Universitari de Santa Maria, Lleida. Mercedes Catalan-Gonzalez, Juan Carlos Montejo-Gonzalez: Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid. Gloria Renedo SanchezGiron, Juan Bustamante-Munguira, Elena Bustamante-Munguira, Ramon Cicuendez Avila, Nuria Mamolar Herrera: Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid. Raquel Almansa: Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL). Víctor Sagredo: Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca. Jose Anon, Alexander Agrifoglio, Lucia Cachafeiro, Emilio Maseda: Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, Madrid. Lorenzo Socias, Mariana Andrea Novo, Albert Figueras, Maria Teresa Janer, Laura Soliva, Marta Ocon, Luisa Clar, J Ignacio Ayestaran: Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca. Yhivian Penasco, Sandra Campos Fernandez: Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander. Mireia Serra-Fortuny, Eva Forcadell-Ferreres, Immaculada Salvador-Adell, Neus Bofill, Berta Adell-Serrano, Josep Pedregosa Díaz, Nuria Casacuberta-Barbera, Luis Urrelo-Cerron, Angels Piñol-Tena, Ferran Roche-Campo: Hospital Verge de la Cinta de Tortosa, Tortosa. Amalia Martínez de la Gandara, Pablo Ryan Murua, Covadonga Rodríguez Ruíz, Laura Carrion García, Juan I Lazo Alvarez: Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid. Jose Angel Lorente: Hospital Universitario de Getafe. Ana Loza-Vazquez, Desire Macias Guerrero: Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Sevilla. Arturo Huerta, Daniel Tognetti: Clinica Sagrada Familia, Barcelona. Carlos García Redruello, David Mosquera Rodríguez, Eva María Menor Fernandez, Sabela Vara Adrio, Vanesa Gomez Casal, Marta Segura Pensado, María Digna Rivas Vilas, Amaia García Sagastume: Hospital de Vigo, Vigo. Raul de Pablo Sanchez, David Pesta na Laguna, Tommaso Bardi: Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid. Rosario Amaya Villar, Carmen Gomez Gonzalez, Maria Luisa Gascon Castillo: Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla. Jose Garnacho-Montero, María Luisa Canton-Bulnes: Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla. Judith Marin-Corral, Cristina Carbajales Perez: Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo. Joan Ramon Masclans, Ana Salazar Degracia, Judit Bigas, Rosana Munoz-Bermudez, Clara Vila-Vilardel, Francisco Parrilla, Irene Dot, Ana Zapatero, Yolanda Díaz, María Pilar Gracia, Purificacion Perez, Andrea Castellví, Cristina Climent: Hospital del Mar, Barcelona. Lidia Serra, Laura Barbena, Iosune Cano: Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Barcelona. Pilar Ricart, Alba Herraiz, Pilar Marcos, Laura Rodríguez, Maria Teresa Sarinena, Ana Sanchez: Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. Alejandro Ubeda: Hospital Punta de Europa, Algeciras. María Cruz Martin Delgado: Hospital Universitario Torrejon-Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid. Elena Gallego, Juan Fernando Masa Jimenez: Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Alcantara, Caceres. Gemma Goma, Emi Díaz: Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell. Mercedes Ibarz, Diego De Mendoza: Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Bacelona. Enric Barbeta, Victoria Alcaraz-Serrano, Joan Ramon Badia, Manuel Castella, Leticia Bueno, Adrian Ceccato, Andrea Palomeque, Laia Fernandez Barat, Catia Cilloniz, Pamela Conde, Javier Fernandez, Albert Gabarrus, Karsa Kiarostami, Alexandre Lopez- Gavín, Cecilia L Mantellini, Carla Speziale, Nil Vazquez, Hua Yang, Minlan Yang, Carlos Ferrando, Pedro Castro, Marta Arrieta, Jose Maria Nicolas, Rut Andrea: Hospital Clinic, Barcelona. Marta Barroso, Raquel Perez, Sergio Alvarez, Dario Garcia-Gasulla, Adrian Tormos: Barcelona supercomputing Center, Barcelona. Luis Tamayo Lomas, Cesar Aldecoa, Ruben Herran-Monge, Jose Angel Berezo García, Pedro Enríquez Giraudo: Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid. Pablo Cardinal Fernandez, Alberto Rubio Lopez, Orville Baez Pravia: Hospitales HM, Madrid. Juan Lopez Messa, Leire Perez Bastida, Antonjo Alvarez Ruiz: Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia. Jose Trenado, Anna Parera Pous: Hospital Universitari MutuaTerrassa, Terrassa. Cristobal Galban, Ana Lopez Lago, Eva Saborido Paz, Patricia Barral Segade: Hospital de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago. Ana Balan Marino, Manuel Valledor Mendez: Hospital San Agustin, Aviles. Raul de Frutos, Luciano Aguilera: Hospital Basurto, Basurto. Felipe Perez-García, Esther Lopez-Ramos, Angela Leonor Ruiz-García, Belen Betere: Hospital Universitario Principe Asturias, Alcala de Henares. Rafael Blancas: Hospital Universitario del Tajo, Aranjuez. Cristina Dolera, Gloria Perez Planelles, Enrique Marmol Peis, Maria Dolores Martinez Juan, Miriam Ruiz Miralles, Eva Perez Rubio, Maria Van der Hofstadt MartinMontalvo, Angel Sanchez-Miralles, Tatiana Villada Warrington: Hospital Universitario Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante. Juan Carlos Pozo-Laderas: Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia. Angel Estella, Sara Guadalupe Moreno Cano: Hospital de Jerez, Jerez. Federico Gordo: Hospital Universitario del Henares, Coslada. Basilisa Martinez Palacios: Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Parla. Maite Nieto, Maria Teresa Nieto: Hospital de Segovia, Segovia. Sergio Ossa: Hospital de Burgos, Burgos. Ana Ortega: Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra. Miguel Sanchez: Hospital Clinico, Madrid. Bitor Santacoloma: Hospital Galdakao, Galdakao.Postprint (published version

Acute Delta Hepatitis in Italy spanning three decades (1991–2019): Evidence for the effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccination campaign

Updated incidence data of acute Delta virus hepatitis (HDV) are lacking worldwide. Our aim was to evaluate incidence of and risk factors for acute HDV in Italy after the introduction of the compulsory vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 1991. Data were obtained from the National Surveillance System of acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA). Independent predictors of HDV were assessed by logistic-regression analysis. The incidence of acute HDV per 1-million population declined from 3.2 cases in 1987 to 0.04 in 2019, parallel to that of acute HBV per 100,000 from 10.0 to 0.39 cases during the same period. The median age of cases increased from 27 years in the decade 1991-1999 to 44 years in the decade 2010-2019 (p &lt; .001). Over the same period, the male/female ratio decreased from 3.8 to 2.1, the proportion of coinfections increased from 55% to 75% (p = .003) and that of HBsAg positive acute hepatitis tested for by IgM anti-HDV linearly decreased from 50.1% to 34.1% (p &lt; .001). People born abroad accounted for 24.6% of cases in 2004-2010 and 32.1% in 2011-2019. In the period 2010-2019, risky sexual behaviour (O.R. 4.2; 95%CI: 1.4-12.8) was the sole independent predictor of acute HDV; conversely intravenous drug use was no longer associated (O.R. 1.25; 95%CI: 0.15-10.22) with this. In conclusion, HBV vaccination was an effective measure to control acute HDV. Intravenous drug use is no longer an efficient mode of HDV spread. Testing for IgM-anti HDV is a grey area requiring alert. Acute HDV in foreigners should be monitored in the years to come

Formación del profesorado universitario para la educación por competencias

Education is in a process of analysis, revision and transformation to respond to the demands of society as a result of advances in science, technology and the effects of the globalization of knowledge. The objective of this review article is to reflect on the necessary training of university teachers for competency education. The reality of the current world implies demands and requirements, so that the human being is in a position to face the various problems of the environment, therefore the educational process must aim to develop an adaptive capacity to the circumstances. The teacher must receive an academic intellectual training, but also a psychopedagogical one. When speaking of psychopedagogical training for teachers, it is necessary to refer to a broad process of preparation in education, with the strong commitment to take a position within the field and to generate knowledge about it at the same time. Teacher training must be holistic in approach and, necessarily, must be done in this way so that it can guide a meaningful teaching-learning process. &nbsp;La educación se encuentra en un proceso de análisis, revisión y transformaciones para responder a las demandas de la sociedad producto de los avances de la ciencia, la tecnología y los efectos de la globalización del conocimiento. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es el de reflexionar acerca de la necesaria formación del profesorado universitario para la educación por competencias. La realidad del mundo actual implica exigencias y requerimientos, para que el ser humano esté en condiciones de enfrentar los diversos problemas del entorno por ello el proceso educativo debe apuntar a desarrollar una capacidad adaptativa a las circunstancias. El docente debe recibir una formación intelectual académica, pero también psicopedagógica. Cuando se habla de formación psicopedagógica de los profesores, necesariamente hay que referirse a un proceso amplio de preparación en la educación, con el fuerte compromiso de tomar una posición dentro del campo y de generar a la vez conocimientos sobre el mismo. La formación del docente debe ser de enfoque holístico y, necesariamente, debe darse de esa manera para que pueda guiar un significativo proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. &nbsp

Evaluation of Bone Scan Index as a Prognostic Tool in Breast Cancer Patients with Bone Metastasis

Background: Bone metastatic involvement represents a leading cause of death in patients with advanced breast cancer (BC). At present, it is not clear whether the bone metastatic load might impact Overall Survival (OS) in patients with bone metastatic BC at diagnosis. For this purpose, we used the Bone Scan Index (BSI), which is a reproducible and quantitative expression of tumor load observed at bone scintigraphy.Objective: The aim of this study was to associate BSI with OS in bone metastatic BC patients.Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled BC patients with bone metastases at the scintigraphic bone scan performed for staging purposes. The BSI was calculated through the DASciS software, and statistical analysis was carried out. Other clinical variables relevant to OS analysis were taken into account.Results: Of a total of 94 patients, 32% died. In most cases, the histotype was ductal infiltrating carcinoma. The median OS from diagnosis was 72 months (CI 95%: 62-NA). The univariate analysis with COX regression showed that only hormone therapy significantly correlates with OS (HR 0.417, CI 95%: 0.174-0.997, p &lt; 0.049). As concerning BSI, the statistical analysis showed that it does not predict OS in BC patients ( HR 0.960, 95% CI: 0.416-2.216, p &lt; 0.924).Conclusion: Although the BSI significantly predicts OS in prostate cancer and in other tumors, we observed that the metastatic load of bone disease has not a key role in prognostic stratification in our population