19,574 research outputs found
High temperature onset of field-induced transitions in the spin-ice compound Dy2Ti2O7
We have studied the field-dependent ac magnetic susceptibility of single
crystals of Dy2Ti2O7 spin ice along the [111] direction in the temperature
range 1.8 K - 7 K. Our data reflect the onset of local spin ice order in the
appearance of different field regimes. In particular, we observe a prominent
feature at approximately 1.0 T that is a precursor of the low-temperature
metamagnetic transition out of field-induced kagome ice, below which the
kinetic constraints imposed by the ice rules manifest themselves in a
substantial frequency-dependence of the susceptibility. Despite the relatively
high temperatures, our results are consistent with a monopole picture, and they
demonstrate that such a picture can give physical insight to the spin ice
systems even outside the low-temperature, low-density limit where monopole
excitations are well-defined quasiparticles
Exploiting Cation Structure and Water Content in Modulating the Acidity of Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfate Protic Ionic Liquids
In this paper, we investigated the effect of cation structure and water content on proton dissociation in alkylammonium [HSOâ]â» protic ionic liquids (ILs) doped with 20 wt % water and correlated this with experimental Hammett acidities. For pure systems, increased cation substitution resulted in a reduction in the number of direct anionâanion neighbors leading to larger numbers of small aggregates, which is further enhanced with addition of water. We also observed spontaneous proton dissociation from [HSOâ]â» to water only for primary amine-based protic ILs, preceded by the formation of an anion trimer motif. Investigation using DFT calculations revealed spontaneous proton dissociation from [HSOâ]â» to water can occur for each of the protic ILs investigated; however, this is dependent on the size of the anion aggregates. These findings are important in the fields of catalysis and lignocellulosic biomass, where solvent acidity is a crucial parameter in biomass fractionation and lignin chemistry
Dynamics of a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate beyond mean-field theory
We study the dynamics of a two-mode Bose-Einstein condensate in the vicinity
of a mean-field dynamical instability. Convergence to mean-field theory (MFT),
with increasing total number of particles , is shown to be logarithmically
slow. Using a density matrix formalism rather than the conventional
wavefunction methods, we derive an improved set of equations of motion for the
mean-field plus the fluctuations, which goes beyond MFT and provides accurate
predictions for the leading quantum corrections and the quantum break time. We
show that the leading quantum corrections appear as decoherence of the reduced
single-particle quantum state; we also compare this phenomenon to the effects
of thermal noise. Using the rapid dephasing near an instability, we propose a
method for the direct measurement of scattering lengths.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, Phys. Rev. A 64, 0136XX (2001
Watching a superfluid untwist itself: Recurrence of Rabi oscillations in a Bose-Einstein condensate
The order parameter of a condensate with two internal states can continuously
distort in such a way as to remove twists that have been imposed along its
length. We observe this effect experimentally in the collapse and recurrence of
Rabi oscillations in a magnetically trapped, two-component Bose-Einstein
condensate of ^87Rb
Condensates beyond mean field theory: quantum backreaction as decoherence
We propose an experiment to measure the slow log(N) convergence to mean-field
theory (MFT) around a dynamical instability. Using a density matrix formalism,
we derive equations of motion which go beyond MFT and provide accurate
predictions for the quantum break-time. The leading quantum corrections appear
as decoherence of the reduced single-particle quantum state.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
The Central Laser Facility at the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Central Laser Facility is located near the middle of the Pierre Auger
Observatory in Argentina. It features a UV laser and optics that direct a beam
of calibrated pulsed light into the sky. Light scattered from this beam
produces tracks in the Auger optical detectors which normally record nitrogen
fluorescence tracks from cosmic ray air showers. The Central Laser Facility
provides a "test beam" to investigate properties of the atmosphere and the
fluorescence detectors. The laser can send light via optical fiber
simultaneously to the nearest surface detector tank for hybrid timing analyses.
We describe the facility and show some examples of its many uses.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to 29th ICRC Pune Indi
High-Latitude HI in the Low Surface Brightness Galaxy UGC7321
From the analysis of sensitive HI 21-cm line observations, we find evidence
for vertically extended HI emission (|z|<~2.4 kpc) in the edge-on, low surface
brightness spiral galaxy UGC7321. Three-dimensional modelling suggests that the
HI disk of UGC7321 is both warped and flared, but that neither effect can fully
reproduce the spatial distribution and kinematics of the highest z-height gas.
We are able to model the high-latitude emission as an additional HI component
in the form of a ``thick disk'' or ``halo'' with a FWHM~3.3 kpc. We find
tentative evidence that the vertically extended gas declines in rotational
velocity as a function of z, although we are unable to completely rule out
models with constant V(z). In spite of the low star formation rate of UGC7321,
energy from supernovae may be sufficient to sustain this high-latitude gas.
However, alternative origins for this material, such as slow, sustained infall,
cannot yet be excluded.Comment: to appear in the August 20 Astrophysical Journal; 17 pages; version
with full resolution figures available at
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~lmatthew
Optimal conditions for observing Josephson oscillations in a double-well Bose-gas condensate
The Josephson oscillations between condensates in a double-well trap are
known theoretically to be strongly effected by the mean field interaction in
dilute atomic gases. The most important effect is that the amplitude of
oscillation in the relative population of the two wells is greatly suppressed
due to the mean field interaction, which can make it difficult to observe the
Josephson effect. Starting from the work of Raghavan, Smerzi, Fantoni, and
Shenoy, we calculate the maximum amplitude of oscillation in the relative
population as a function of various physical parameters, such as the trap
aspect ratio, the Gaussian barrier height and width, and the total number of
atoms in the condensate. We also compare results for Na and
Rb. Our main new result is that the maximum amplitude of oscillation
depends strongly on the aspect ratio of the harmonic trap and can be maximized
in a ``pancake'' trap, as used in the experiment of Anderson and Kasevich.Comment: 8 pages with 5 embeded figure
- âŠ