Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) Airfoils Practicality in Engineless Airplanes

This paper investigates the co-flow jet (CFJ) airfoils ability to further current aviation designs to be more environmental. With high cost and large contribution to carbon footprints, aeronautical designers look to drag reduction to decrease dependencies on fuel. Primary research on CFJ airfoils is led by Dr. Zha at the University of Miami. Through various forms of analysis, CFJ airfoils use a jet stream to create movement of air in the boundary layer region that helps create more lift reduce flow separation, thereby increasing stall margin and creates a thrust force. However, with further investigation, the magnitude of thrust created by CFJ components does not have sufficient evidence of enough force for a large commercial sized airplane, especially with takeoff. To definitely determine the possibilities for CFJ airfoil technology, more research will be needed. So far practical applications of CFJ can better improve current glider technologies for companies like NASA and Airbus and better engine integration for typical planes

THE COMIC DIMENSION: A NEW READING OF WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS\u27 LONG POEM PATERSON

When Williams decided in the early forties to accelerate work on the magnum opus he had begun fifteen years earlier, his ambitions were enormous, yet the literary establishment treated him more like a pygmy than a giant. T. S. Eliot, reigning literary pontiff, embraced the European literary tradition and ignored Williams as he had for years while Pound used Italy as a base for the economic and political tirades which eventually had him condemned as a traitor. In his long poem Paterson, Williams felt abandoned with the momentous task of discovering a poetics to fit the American idiom. His poem became a testing ground for that poetics as well as a homegrown allegory of the modern literary scene, complete with hidden portraits of Eliot, Pound, E. E. Cummings, Hart Crane and other poets. Only when Paterson is read as the imaginative biography of a misunderstood major poet with a taste for satire can Williams\u27 full unity of purpose be understood. Chapters one through three highlight Williams\u27 position in the literary world during the twenties, thirties and forties, his interest in satire and his eventual identification with Chaucer. Chapters four through eight reveal comic elements embedded in Paterson. As the mock epic hero Paterson, Williams competes with other literary giants, ridiculing the literary techniques which have made their poems useless for his purposes even as he develops and demonstrates new measures for the American idiom and a new stance toward American writing. Because Williams began Paterson while he was at the bottom of the literary ladder and completed it with a fairly secure place at the top, Paterson is treated throughout as a process poem with a satirical emphasis that shifted as Williams\u27 own literary position shifted. Though Eliot remains the archenemy throughout Paterson, Williams comes to terms with Crane, Pound and Cummings even as he emerges victorious over all in the very fiction which associates him with Wallace Stevens. In Williams\u27 final book, he turns the spotlight on himself as the father of a new generation of poets and the discoverer of a new American prosody

Taking the Initiative in Problem-Solving Discourse

Human participants in a conversation display a flexibility in shifting initiative not currently found 10 natural language processing systems. They frequently take charge of the dialogue to provide necessary, but unrequested Information Based on an analysis of transcripts of student advising dialogues, we present a. theory of role shifting that details the information needed to take the initiative, motivations for doing so, and expectations arising from the current discourse state motivations for taking the Initiative may arise either from the domain task or from the communication requirements of the dialogue itself. To maintain conversational coherence while taking the initiative a system must consider the expectations arising from the current topic and role states. We present data to support our conclusions which have implications for natural language computer systems

Tailoring Explanations for the User

In order for an expert system to provide the most effective explanations, it should be able to tailor its responses to the concerns of the user. One way in which explanations may be tailored is by point of view A method is presented for representing the knowledge to support different points of view in the current domain. In addition, we present a method for determining the point of view to take by inferring the user's goal within a brief discourse segment. The advising system's response to the derived goal depends on the strength of its belief in the inference for which a method of determination is also provided. This information enables the system to decide what answer to give to a question, which kind of justification is relevant, and when to provide it. Some details of the current implementation are included

Validation of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short among blacks

BACKGROUND: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-S) has been evaluated against accelerometer-determined physical activity measures in small homogenous samples of adults in the United States. There is limited information about the validity of the IPAQ-S in diverse US samples. METHODS: 142 Blacks residing in low-income housing completed the IPAQ-S and wore an accelerometer for up to 6 days. Both 1- and 10-minute accelerometer bouts were used to define time spent in light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity. RESULTS: We found fair agreement between the IPAQ-S and accelerometer-determined physical activity (r = .26 for 10-minute bout, r = .36 for 1-minute bout). Correlations were higher among men than women. When we classified participants as meeting physical activity recommendations, agreement was low (kappa = .04, 10-minute; kappa = .21, 1-minute); only 25% of individuals were classified the same by both instruments (10-minute bout). CONCLUSIONS: In one of the few studies to assess the validity of a self-reported physical activity measure among Blacks, we found moderate correlations with accelerometer data, though correlations were weaker for women. Correlations were smaller when IPAQ-S data were compared using a 10- versus a 1-minute bout definition. There was limited evidence for agreement between the instruments when classifying participants as meeting physical activity recommendations

Physical Activity Reduces Hippocampal Atrophy in Elders at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer\u27s Disease

We examined the impact of physical activity (PA) on longitudinal change in hippocampal volume in cognitively intact older adults at varying genetic risk for the sporadic form of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD). Hippocampal volume was measured from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans administered at baseline and at an 18-month follow-up in 97 healthy, cognitively intact older adults. Participants were classified as High or Low PA based on a self-report questionnaire of frequency and intensity of exercise. Risk status was defined by the presence or absence of the apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 (APOE-ε4) allele. Four subgroups were studied: Low Risk/High PA (n = 24), Low Risk/Low PA (n = 34), High Risk/High PA (n = 22), and High Risk/Low PA (n = 17). Over the 18 month follow-up interval, hippocampal volume decreased by 3% in the High Risk/Low PA group, but remained stable in the three remaining groups. No main effects or interactions between genetic risk and PA were observed in control brain regions, including the caudate, amygdala, thalamus, pre-central gyrus, caudal middle frontal gyrus, cortical white matter (WM), and total gray matter (GM). These findings suggest that PA may help to preserve hippocampal volume in individuals at increased genetic risk for AD. The protective effects of PA on hippocampal atrophy were not observed in individuals at low risk for AD. These data suggest that individuals at genetic risk for AD should be targeted for increased levels of PA as a means of reducing atrophy in a brain region critical for the formation of episodic memories

Media composition influences yeast one- and two-hybrid results

Although yeast two-hybrid experiments are commonly used to identify protein interactions, the frequent occurrence of false negatives and false positives hampers data interpretation. Using both yeast one-hybrid and two-hybrid experiments, we have identified potential sources of these problems: the media preparation protocol and the source of the yeast nitrogen base may not only impact signal range but also effect whether a result appears positive or negative. While altering media preparation may optimize signal differences for individual experiments, media preparation must be reported in detail to replicate studies and accurately compare results from different experiments