164 research outputs found
Characterization of cellular uptake and toxicity of aminosilane-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with different charges in central nervous system-relevant cell culture models
Novel vertical-wheel bioreactors for the scalable, robust and efficient production of shear- sensitive cell therapy products â human pluripotent stem cells (aggregate culture) and mesenchymal stromal cells (microcarrier culture)
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El Niño, the 2006 Indonesian peat fires, and the distribution of atmospheric methane
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110818/1/grl50937.pd
Report on Archaeological Investigations Conducted at the St. Mary's Site (18AP45), 107 Duke of Gloucester Street, Annapolis, Maryland, 1987-1990
In celebration of the 250th anniversary of the birth of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Archaeology in Annapolis was invited to excavate the Carroll House and garden on 107 Duke of Gloucester Street in Annapolis, Maryland. The site, named the St. Mary's Site (18AP45) for the Catholic church on the property, is currently owned by the Redemptorists, a Roman Catholic congregation of priests and brothers who have occupied the site since 1852. Prior to the Redemptorists' tenure, the site was owned by the Carroll family from 1701-1852 and is perhaps best known as the home of Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832), signer of the Declaration of Independence. Excavations at the site were conducted during four consecutive summer seasons from 1987-1990. The investigation focused on three research questions. The first line of inquiry were questions surrounding the dating, architectural configuration, and artifact deposits of the "frame house," a structure adjoining the west wall of the brick Carroll House via a "passage" and later a three story addition. The frame house was partially demolished in the mid-nineteenth century but the construction was thought to pre-date the brick portion of the house. The second research question was spurred by documentary research which indicated that the property might have been the location of Proctor's Tavern, a late 17th-century tavern which served as the meeting place of the Maryland Provincial Assembly. Archaeological testing hoped to determine its location and, if found, investigate Annapolis' early Euro-American occupation. The third research question focused on the landscape of the site as it was shaped by its occupants over the past three hundred years. The research questions included investigating the stratigraphy, geometry, and architectural and planting features of Charles Carroll of Carrollton's terraced garden built during the 1770s, and investigating the changes to the landscape made by the Redemptorists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While no structural evidence associated with Proctorâs Tavern was uncovered during limited
excavations along Spa Creek, the historic shore of Spa Creek was identified, buried beneath deep
fill deposits laid down during construction of the Carroll Garden. Features and deposits associated
with this period likely remain intact in a waterlogged environment along the southeastern sea wall at
the St. Maryâs Site. Evidence of extensive earth moving by Carroll is present in the garden and was
identified during excavation and coring. This strongly suggests that the garden landscape visible at
the St. Maryâs Site is the intact Carroll Garden, which survives beneath contemporary and late nineteenth
century strata. The extant surviving garden should be considered highly sensitive to
ground-disturbing activities, and is also highly significant considering demonstrable associations
with the Carroll family. Other garden-related features were also discovered, including planting
holes, and a brick pavilion or parapet located along Spa Creek to the south of the site. The Duke of
Gloucester Street wall was shown to be associated with the Carroll occupation of the site. Finally,
intensive archaeological research was directed at the vicinity of a frame house constructed and
occupied by the Carrolls to the east of the existing brick house, which was replaced by the
Redemptorists in the nineteenth century with a greenhouse. These superimposed buildings were
documented in detail and remain highly significant features at the St. Maryâs Site
Global net biome CO2 exchange predicted comparably well using parameterâenvironment relationships and plant functional types
Frequency responses of age-structured populations: Pacific salmon as an example
Increasing evidence of the effects of changing climate on physical ocean
conditions and long-term changes in fish populations adds to the need to
understand the effects of stochastic forcing on marine populations. Cohort
resonance is of particular interest because it involves selective sensitivity
to specific time scales of environmental variability, including that of mean
age of reproduction, and, more importantly, very low frequencies (i.e.,
trends). We present an age-structured model for two Pacific salmon species with
environmental variability in survival rate and in individual growth rate, hence
spawning age distribution. We use computed frequency response curves and
analysis of the linearized dynamics to obtain two main results. First, the
frequency response of the population is affected by the life history stage at
which variability affects the population; varying growth rate tends to excite
periodic resonance in age structure, while varying survival tends to excite
low-frequency fluctuation with more effect on total population size. Second,
decreasing adult survival strengthens the cohort resonance effect at all
frequencies, a finding that addresses the question of how fishing and climate
change will interact.Comment: much revised: the version accepted by Theoretical Population Biolog
Human papillomavirusârelated oropharyngeal cancer: HPV and p16 status in the recurrent versus parent tumor
Background Although typically associated with a favorable prognosis, a minority of human papillomavirus (HPV)ârelated (+) oropharyngeal cancers recur after chemoradiation. We postulated that a minor HPVânegative tumor subfraction may be responsible for recurrences of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer. Methods Paired untreated primary and recurrent tumor specimens were identified for 37 patients with oropharyngeal cancer who received definitive chemoradiotherapy at our institution. Concordance in HPV/p16 expression between primary and recurrent tumors was assessed. Results Among 31 patients with HPV+/p16+ primary tumors, 30 (97%) retained evidence of both HPV and p16 expression at recurrence (27 HPV+/p16+; 3 HPV+/p16âpartial). One (3%) initially HPV+/p16+ patient developed an HPVânegative/p16ânegative lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), representing either a discordant oropharyngeal cancer metastasis or second primary tumor. Conclusion HPVârelated oropharyngeal cancers retain HPV+/p16+ expression at recurrence. Our results fail to provide evidence that a minor HPVânegative tumor subfraction is responsible for biologically aggressive behavior of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer that recurs after chemoradiation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37 : 8â11, 2015Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109811/1/hed23548.pd
Viruses infecting a warm water picoeukaryote shed light on spatial co-occurrence dynamics of marine viruses and their hosts
The marine picoeukaryote Bathycoccus prasinos has been considered a cosmopolitan alga, although recent studies indicate two ecotypes exist, Clade BI (B. prasinos) and Clade BII. Viruses that infect Bathycoccus Clade BI are known (BpVs), but not that infect BII. We isolated three dsDNA prasinoviruses from the Sargasso Sea against Clade BII isolate RCC716. The BII-Vs do not infect BI, and two (BII-V2 and BII-V3) have larger genomes (~210âkb) than BI-Viruses and BII-V1. BII-Vs share ~90% of their proteins, and between 65% to 83% of their proteins with sequenced BpVs. Phylogenomic reconstructions and PolB analyses establish close-relatedness of BII-V2 and BII-V3, yet BII-V2 has 10-fold higher infectivity and induces greater mortality on host isolate RCC716. BII-V1 is more distant, has a shorter latent period, and infects both available BII isolates, RCC716 and RCC715, while BII-V2 and BII-V3 do not exhibit productive infection of the latter in our experiments. Global metagenome analyses show Clade BI and BII algal relative abundances correlate positively with their respective viruses. The distributions delineate BI/BpVs as occupying lower temperature mesotrophic and coastal systems, whereas BII/BII-Vs occupy warmer temperature, higher salinity ecosystems. Accordingly, with molecular diagnostic support, we name Clade BII Bathycoccus calidus sp. nov. and propose that molecular diversity within this new species likely connects to the differentiated host-virus dynamics observed in our time course experiments. Overall, the tightly linked biogeography of Bathycoccus host and virus clades observed herein supports species-level host specificity, with strain-level variations in infection parameters
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