Using phylogenetics to understand the evolutionary relationships of \u3ci\u3eHibiscus\u3c/i\u3e section \u3ci\u3eFurcaria\u3c/i\u3e

Neopolyploids constitute at least 35% of known species of angiosperms, and because polyploidization is a pertinent process in plant diversification and domestication, it is a thriving field of study. Hibiscus section Furcaria includes several groups of polyploids in addition to ten known diploid species. In previous studies genome groups for Hibiscus section Furcaria were determined through artificial hybridization experiments and patterns of biogeography were elucidated based on the distribution of diploids and polyploids. For instance, the Australian hexaploids contain 3 genomes (designated G, J, and V) and are thought to have developed from a polyploidization event between an African diploid relative (G) and two unknown donors (J and V). This study seeks to perform phylogenetic analysis using a suite of chloroplast and nuclear regions to determine the maternal genetic relationships between the diploids and the Australian hexaploid lineage, and to reconstruct the origin of this group in order to determine if any surviving diploid donors exist related to the unknown J and V genomes. Four chloroplast regions and two nuclear regions were explored to determine genome relationships. Results showed the Australian hexaploid species form a well-supported clade using chloroplast genes (ndhC-trnV,ndhF-rpl32R,rpl32F-trnL,rps16-trnK) and ITS with Hibiscus sudanensis as the maternal donor of the G genome group. Possible donors to the J and V genome groups are proposed based on the phylogenies, morphology, and biogeography but more sampling of clones is needed to ensure the identity of possible donors lineages

Type IX SLAP Lesion to Non-Throwing Shoulder of Collegiate Baseball Player

In Volume 3, Issue 1 of the JSMAHS you will find Professional research abstracts, as well as Under Graduate student research abstracts, case reports, and critically appraised topics. Thank you for viewing this 3rd Annual OATA Special Edition

The surgical personality: does it exist?

Introduction: This study aims to answer the question of whether surgeons have different personalities to non-surgeons. Methods: Members of the Royal College of Surgeons of England were sent an email survey containing 50 standard questions from the Five Factor personality assessment, which scores each respondent in five key personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion). Results were analysed and compared with a population-level data set from a survey conducted by the BBC. Results: Five hundred and ninety-nine surgeons completed the survey. Analysis showed that surgeons scored significantly higher for conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness and neuroticism than non-surgeons (P < 0.05). Further analysis showed that female surgeons scored higher in openness and extroversion relative to the population average and that surgeons become more prone to neuroticism than non-surgeons as they age. Conclusions: The results support the notion of a surgical personality, as well as indicating that female surgeons have significantly different personality profiles from male surgeons, and that age affects surgeons’ personalities in different ways to non-surgeons

Assets and Barriers to Infection Control on a College Campus

An abstract about a photovoice done concerning infection control on college campus

Analyses of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones in Carbonaceous Chondrites

Aliphatic aldehydes and ketones are essential building blocks for the synthesis of more complex organic compounds. In spite of their potentially key role as precursors of astrobiologically-important molecules, such as amino acids and carboxylic acids, this family of compounds has scarcely been evaluated in carbonaceous chondrites. The paucity of such analyses likely derives from the low concentration of aldehydes and ketones in the meteorites, and from the currently used chromatographic methodologies that have not been optimized for meteorite analysis. In this work, we report the development of a novel analytical method to quantify the molecular distribution and compound-specific isotopic analysis of 29 aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. Using this method, we have investigated the molecular distribution and 13C-isotopic composition of aldehydes and ketones in ten carbonaceous chondrites from the CI, CM, CR and CV groups. The total concentration of carbonyl compounds ranged from 130 to 1000 nmolg-1 of meteorite, with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone being the most abundant species in all investigated samples. The 13C-isotopic values ranged from 67 to +64 and we did not observe clear relationships between 13C-content and molecular weight. Accurately measuring the relative abundances, determining the molecular distribution, and isotopic composition of chondritic organic compounds is central in assessing both their formation chemistry and synthetic relationships

Carbon footprint of non-melanoma skin cancer surgery

Background: Climate change poses a significant global health threat and healthcare, including surgery, contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts have been made to promote sustainability in surgery, but the literature on sustainability in plastic surgery remains limited. Methods: A life-cycle analysis was used to assess and quantify the environmental emissions associated with three distinct reconstructive methods utilized in non-melanoma skin cancer surgery: direct closure, split-thickness skin graft, and full-thickness skin graft. Analyses were conducted in March 2023 in Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK. The carbon footprints for non-melanoma skin cancer surgery in England and Wales were then estimated. Results: The mean carbon emissions for non-melanoma skin cancer surgery ranged from 29.82 to 34.31 kgCO₂eq. Theatre energy consumption (4.29–8.76 kgCO₂eq) and consumables (16.87 kgCO₂eq) were significant contributors. Waste produced during non-melanoma skin cancer surgery accounted for 1.31 kgCO₂eq and sterilization of reusable surgical instruments resulted in 1.92 kgCO₂eq of carbon emissions. Meanwhile, transportation, dressings, pharmaceuticals, and laundry accounted for 0.57, 2.65, 1.85, and 0.38 kgCO₂eq respectively. The excision of non-melanoma skin cancer with direct closure (19.29–22.41 kgCO₂eq) resulted in the lowest carbon emissions compared with excision with split-thickness skin graft (43.80–49.06 kgCO₂eq) and full-thickness skin graft (31.58–37.02 kgCO₂eq). In 2021, it was estimated that non-melanoma skin cancer surgery had an annual carbon footprint of 306 775 kgCO₂eq in Wales and 4 402 650 kgCO₂eq in England. It was possible to predict that, by 2035, carbon emissions from non-melanoma skin cancer surgery will account for 388 927 kgCO₂eq in Wales and 5 419 770 kgCO₂eq in England. Conclusion: This study highlights the environmental impact of non-melanoma skin cancer in plastic surgery departments and emphasizes the need for sustainable practices. Collaboration between surgeons and policymakers is essential and further data collection is recommended for better analysis

There and back again: detecting regularity in human encounter communities

Detecting communities that recur over time is a challenging problem due to the potential sparsity of encounter events at an individual scale and inherent uncertainty in human behavior. Existing methods for community detection in mobile human encounter networks ignore the presence of temporal patterns that lead to periodic components in the network. Daily and weekly routine are prevalent in human behavior and can serve as rich context for applications that rely on person-to-person encounters, such as mobile routing protocols and intelligent digital personal assistants. In this article, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of an approach to decentralized periodic community detection that is robust to uncertainty and computationally efficient. This alternative approach has a novel periodicity detection method inspired by a neural synchrony measure used in the field of neurophysiology. We evaluate our approach and investigate human periodic encounter patterns using empirical datasets of inferred and direct-sensed encounters

An In Situ Study of the Role of Pressure on Fe Recrystallization and Grain Growth during Thermomechanical Processing

Elevated pressures are encountered in many metal forming processes that can alter microstructural evolution rates. Here we measure rate changes with pressure in recrystallization and grain growth in Fe through adaptation of synchrotron-compatible multi-anvil presses, originally designed for study of the mantle. Recrystallization and grain growth are monitored in situ using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Principal component analysis applied to the diffraction images is used to quantify evolution rates, with increasing pressure significantly slowing the process