66 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Neoliberal regime change and the remaking of global health: from rollback disinvestment to rollout reinvestment and reterritorialization
Towards a framework for a collaborative support model to assist infection prevention and control programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is reported to be poorly supported because of limits in financial, human and physical resources and competing priorities in health budgets. As a result, there is often a role for external agencies to assist in strengthening IPC. While there are reports of how these partnerships have been put into practice, there are no reported frameworks or guidance documents to support the development of such relationships.
Aim: The aim of this study is to identify the core elements of a collaborative support framework to assist LMIC in strengthening IPC.
Methods: To achieve this, a systematic scoping review of available literature was conducted based on the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA 2020). The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and Scopus were utilised. The search strategy included different combinations of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms, Emtree and keywords that are relevant to IPC collaboration in LMIC. Literature was limited to that published between 2005 and 2020 in the English language only.
Results: Six core elements of comprehensive IPC collaborative support were identified with five IPC programme areas as minimum requirements, namely: 1) Collaborative Projects, 2) Policies and Procedures, 3) Training and Professional Development, 4) Surveillance Systems and 5) Assessment and Feedback. The last element, 6) Partnerships, was identified as an enabling factor.
Conclusion: These six core elements should be considered when building a collaborative support model to assist IPC in LMIC
The Photometric and Kinematic Structure of Face-On Disk Galaxies. I. Sample Definition, H-alpha Integral Field Spectroscopy, and HI Line-Widths
We present a survey of the photometric and kinematic properties of 39 nearby,
nearly face-on disk galaxies. Our approach exploits echelle-resolution
integral-field spectroscopy of the H-alpha regions, obtained with DensePak on
the WIYN 3.5m telescope Bench Spectrograph. This data is complemented by HI
line-profiles observed with the Nancay radio telescope for 25 of these sample
galaxies. Twelve additional line-widths are available for sample galaxies from
the literature. In this paper, we introduce the goals of this survey, define
the sample selection algorithm, and amass the integral field spectroscopic data
and HI line-widths. We establish spatially-integrated H-alpha line-widths for
the sample. We test the veracity of these spatially-integrated line profiles by
convolving narrow-band imaging data with velocity field information for one of
the sample galaxies, PGC 38268, and also by comparing to HI line profiles. We
find HI and H-alpha line profiles to be similar in width but different in
shape, indicating we are observing different spatial distributions of ionized
and neutral gas in largely axisymmetric systems with flat outer
rotation-curves. We also find vertical velocity dispersions of the ionized disk
gas within several disk scale-lengths have a median value of 18 km/s and an 80%
range of 12-26 km/s. This is only a factor of ~2 larger than what is observed
for neutral atomic and molecular gas. With standard assumptions for intrinsic
and thermal broadening for H-alpha, this translates into a factor of three
range in turbulent velocities, between 8 and 25 km/s.Comment: 29 pages, 20 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement
Serie
The 3rd Fermi GBM Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog: The First Six Years
Since its launch in 2008, the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has
triggered and located on average approximately two gamma-ray bursts (GRB) every
three days. Here we present the third of a series of catalogs of GRBs detected
by GBM, extending the second catalog by two more years, through the middle of
July 2014. The resulting list includes 1405 triggers identified as GRBs. The
intention of the GBM GRB catalog is to provide information to the community on
the most important observables of the GBM detected GRBs. For each GRB the
location and main characteristics of the prompt emission, the duration, peak
flux and fluence are derived. The latter two quantities are calculated for the
50-300~keV energy band, where the maximum energy release of GRBs in the
instrument reference system is observed, and also for a broader energy band
from 10-1000 keV, exploiting the full energy range of GBM's low-energy NaI(Tl)
detectors. Using statistical methods to assess clustering, we find that the
hardness and duration of GRBs are better fitted by a two-component model with
short-hard and long-soft bursts, than by a model with three components.
Furthermore, information is provided on the settings and modifications of the
triggering criteria and exceptional operational conditions during years five
and six in the mission. This third catalog is an official product of the Fermi
GBM science team, and the data files containing the complete results are
available from the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center
(HEASARC).Comment: 225 pages, 13 figures and 8 tables. Accepted for publication in
Astrophysical Journal Supplement 201
Border Insecurity: Reading Transnational Environments in Jim Lynchâs Border Songs
This article applies an eco-critical approach to contemporary American fiction about the Canada-US border, examining Jim Lynchâs portrayal of the British Columbia-Washington borderlands in his 2009 novel Border Songs. It argues that studying transnational environmental actors in border textsâin this case, marijuana, human migrants, and migratory birdsâhelps illuminate the contingency of political boundaries, problems of scale, and discourses of risk and security in cross-border regions after 9/11. Further, it suggests that widening the analysis of trans-border activity to include environmental phenomena productively troubles concepts of nature and regional belonging in an era of climate change and economic globalization. Cet article propose une lecture Ă©cocritique de la fiction Ă©tatsunienne contemporaine portant sur la frontiĂšre entre le Canada et les Ătats-Unis, en Ă©tudiant le portrait donnĂ© par Jim Lynch de la rĂ©gion frontaliĂšre entre la Colombie-Britannique et Washington dans son roman Border Songs, paru en 2009. Lâarticle soutient que lâĂ©tude, dans les textes sur la frontiĂšre, des acteurs environnementaux transnationaux â dans ce cas-ci, la marijuana, les migrants humains et les oiseaux migratoires â jette un jour nouveau sur la contingence des limites territoriales politiques, des problĂšmes dâĂ©chelle et des discours sur le risque et la sĂ©curitĂ© des rĂ©gions transfrontaliĂšres aprĂšs les Ă©vĂšnements du 11 septembre 2001. Il suggĂšre Ă©galement quâen Ă©largissant lâanalyse de lâactivitĂ© transfrontaliĂšre pour y inclure les phĂ©nomĂšnes environnementaux, on brouille de façon productive les concepts de nature et dâappartenance rĂ©gionale dâune Ă©poque marquĂ©e par les changements climatiques et la mondialisation de lâĂ©conomie
Recommended from our members
Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission
Funder: Addenbrooke's Charitable Trust, Cambridge University Hospitals; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002927Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Over a 3 week period (April 2020), 1032 asymptomatic HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 in a large UK teaching hospital. Symptomatic staff and symptomatic household contacts were additionally tested. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect viral RNA from a throat+nose self-swab. 3% of HCWs in the asymptomatic screening group tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. 17/30 (57%) were truly asymptomatic/pauci-symptomatic. 12/30 (40%) had experienced symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)>7 days prior to testing, most self-isolating, returning well. Clusters of HCW infection were discovered on two independent wards. Viral genome sequencing showed that the majority of HCWs had the dominant lineage Bâ1. Our data demonstrates the utility of comprehensive screening of HCWs with minimal or no symptoms. This approach will be critical for protecting patients and hospital staff
Recommended from our members
Neoliberal regime change and the remaking of global health: from rollback disinvestment to rollout reinvestment and reterritorialization
- âŠ