Quark-gluon vertex in general kinematics

The original publication can be found at www.springerlink.com Submitted to Cornell University’s online archive www.arXiv.org in 2007 by Jon-Ivar Skullerud. Post-print sourced from www.arxiv.org.We compute the quark–gluon vertex in quenched lattice QCD in the Landau gauge, using an off-shell mean-field O(a)-improved fermion action. The Dirac-vector part of the vertex is computed for arbitrary kinematics. We find a substantial infrared enhancement of the interaction strength regardless of the kinematics.Ayse Kizilersu, Derek B. Leinweber, Jon-Ivar Skullerud and Anthony G. William

Additional file 1: Table S1. of A cultured approach to canine urothelial carcinoma: molecular characterization of five cell lines

Comparisons analysis of primary tumors and cell lines. oaCGH data from primary tumors and cell lines were simultaneously analyzed and compared using the Comparisons algorithm (Nexus Copy Number, Biodiscovery). Few aberrant regions were evident in only the primary tumors or the cell lines without being present in the other. (XLSX 9 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of A cultured approach to canine urothelial carcinoma: molecular characterization of five cell lines

Clustered heat map of cell line differential expression. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of gene expression profiles among healthy urothelium and cell lines highlighted numerous dysregulated genes among cell lines. Clustering along the Y-axis is by probe set, and clustering along the X-axis is according to expression profile similarity. Different colored blocks along the Y-axis group genes with a similar gene expression pattern. Above the X-axis, the top row of colored blocks denotes individual samples, while those below identify samples with similar gene expression profiles. Both healthy control samples were assigned the same color, demonstrating similar gene expression, while expression among the cell lines was more variable (different colored blocks). Large green blocks within the heat map represent down-regulated genes, while red are relatively up regulated when compared to the median expression among all samples. Healthy urothelium (columns 1 and 2) clearly segregates from the cell lines, suggesting altered gene expression among the cell lines. Heat maps were generated in Nexus Expression (Biodiscovery). (PPTX 242 kb

Sequencing and ddPCR analysis for V595E mutation in tissue and urine.

<p>UC, urothelial carcinoma; PC, prostatic carcinoma</p><p>Sequencing and ddPCR analysis for V595E mutation in tissue and urine.</p

Performance of the <i>cBRAF</i> V595E ddPCR assay at 1–200 ng DNA input.

<p>The V595E fraction showed little variance between a wide range of DNA input. Vertical error bars represents the 95% confidence intervals calculated by the Poisson distribution.</p

Primers and probes used in the canine BRAF V595E ddPCR assay.

<p>CFA, canine chromosome; Mut, mutant allele; Wt, wild-type allele</p><p>Primers and probes used in the canine BRAF V595E ddPCR assay.</p

Results of <i>cBRAF</i> V595E ddPCR analysis of (A) tissue and (B) urine samples of canine UC and PC patients (x-axis: each sample, y-axis: V595E fraction %).

<p>Black and gray bars indicate UC and PC samples, respectively. Asterisks indicate samples in which the V595E mutation was not detected in Sanger sequencing analysis.</p

Comparison of the <i>cBRAF</i> V595E fraction between matched tissue and urine samples of six UC/PC cases.

<p>The association between tissue and urine was not evident.</p

BRAF Mutations in Canine Cancers

<div><p>Activating mutations of the <i>BRAF</i> gene lead to constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. Although many human cancers carry the mutated <i>BRAF</i> gene, this mutation has not yet been characterized in canine cancers. As human and canine cancers share molecular abnormalities, we hypothesized that <i>BRAF</i> gene mutations also exist in canine cancers. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced the exon 15 of <i>BRAF</i>, mutation hot spot of the gene, in 667 canine primary tumors and 38 control tissues. Sequencing analysis revealed that a single nucleotide T to A transversion at nucleotide 1349 occurred in 64 primary tumors (9.6%), with particularly high frequency in prostatic carcinoma (20/25, 80%) and urothelial carcinoma (30/45, 67%). This mutation results in the amino acid substitution of glutamic acid for valine at codon 450 (V450E) of canine <i>BRAF</i>, corresponding to the most common <i>BRAF</i> mutation in human cancer, V600E. The evolutional conservation of the <i>BRAF</i> V600E mutation highlights the importance of MAPK pathway activation in neoplasia and may offer opportunity for molecular diagnostics and targeted therapeutics for dogs bearing <i>BRAF</i>-mutated cancers.</p></div

Sequence analysis of the canine BRAF gene.

<p>(A) Wild-type sequence obtained from a control prostate gland DNA. (B) Mutated sequence mixed with wild-type sequence obtained from a prostatic carcinoma. Arrow indicates the T-to-A nucleotide substitution resulting in the change of valine at codon 450 to glutamic acid.</p