The Vehicle, 1973

Vol. 15, No. 1 Table of Contents Hail to the Cheeks of MenNancy Broom Brownpage 1 Sister Eleanor\u27s Gray FriendsGina Morganpage 2 The Typing TeacherAnne Hubbardpage 3 Pensive AgainPeter McCullarpage 7 The Defense ManKathryn Majorpage 9 Wedding PreparationKathryn R. Leesmanpage 10 Reflections on BathingChris Benignuspage 14 Home: Bed of DustHelen Matternpage 14 One TimeChris Benignuspage 15 CombineRuth Ann Meyerpage 16 Park SitterEric H. Synderpage 17 The Sole TortoiseDennis Kroftpage 18 Blind SocietyMike Cordtspage 19 Black DreamPeter McCullarpage 21 The Poetry ReadingRay Schmuddepage 22 The FuneralMarsha Halfordpage 23 She and HerRosanne Davispage 24 The Cane Pole LungfishJeff Kayserpage 26 Du, stille WeltMary Bassettpage 27 ComradesNancy Broom Brownpage 29 Photography and Art Credits Dann Girecover, page 18 Mark McKinneypage 2, 17, 25 John Gravespage 8 Sally Brotherspage 13 Normal Le Clercqpage 28 Wm. Murawskipage 30https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1029/thumbnail.jp

Girls and Boys Born before 28 Weeks Gestation: Risks of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurologic Outcomes at Age 10 Years

To compare the prevalence of cognitive, neurological, and behavioral outcomes at 10 years of age in 428 girls and 446 boys who were born extremely preterm (EP)

The Relationship of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Weight Gain to Neurocognitive Function at Age 10 Years among Children Born Extremely Preterm

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and adequacy of pregnancy weight gain in relation to neurocognitive function in school-aged children born extremely preterm. STUDY DESIGN: Study participants were 535 ten-year-old children enrolled previously in the prospective multicenter Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns cohort study who were products of singleton pregnancies. Soon after delivery, mothers provided information about prepregnancy weight. Prepregnancy body mass index and adequacy of weight gain were characterized based on this information. Children underwent a neurocognitive evaluation at 10 years of age. RESULTS: Maternal prepregnancy obesity was associated with increased odds of a lower score for Differential Ability Scales-II Verbal IQ, for Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment-II measures of processing speed and visual fine motor control, and for Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-III Spelling. Children born to mothers who gained an excessive amount of weight were at increased odds of a low score on the Oral and Written Language Scales Oral Expression assessment. Conversely, children whose mother did not gain an adequate amount of weight were at increased odds of a lower score on the Oral and Written Language Scales Oral Expression and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-III Word Reading assessments. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of infants born extremely preterm, maternal obesity was associated with poorer performance on some assessments of neurocognitive function. Our findings are consistent with the observational and experimental literature and suggest that opportunities may exist to mitigate risk through education and behavioral intervention before pregnancy

High-coverage genomes to elucidate the evolution of penguins

Penguins (Sphenisciformes) are a remarkable order of flightless wing-propelled diving seabirds distributed widely across the southern hemisphere. They share a volant common ancestor with Procellariiformes close to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (66 million years ago) and subsequently lost the ability to fly but enhanced their diving capabilities. With ∼20 species among 6 genera, penguins range from the tropical Galápagos Islands to the oceanic temperate forests of New Zealand, the rocky coastlines of the sub-Antarctic islands, and the sea ice around Antarctica. To inhabit such diverse and extreme environments, penguins evolved many physiological and morphological adaptations. However, they are also highly sensitive to climate change. Therefore, penguins provide an exciting target system for understanding the evolutionary processes of speciation, adaptation, and demography. Genomic data are an emerging resource for addressing questions about such processes

Extremely low gestational age and very low birthweight for gestational age are risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in a large cohort study of 10-year-old children born at 23-27 weeks’ gestation

No prospective cohort study of high-risk children has used rigorous exposure assessment and optimal diagnostic procedures to examine the perinatal antecedents of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), separately among those with and without cognitive impairment

Expanding Horizons: A Pilot Mentoring Program Linking College/Graduate Students and Teens With ASD

A small pilot program of 9 youth 13 to 18 years old with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or Asperger\u27s syndrome assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of an individualized mentoring program. Youth met weekly for 6 months with trained young adult mentors at a local boys and girls club. Participants reported improvements in self-esteem, social anxiety, and quality of life. Participants, parents, mentors, and staff reported that the program improved participants\u27 social connectedness. Although the pilot study was small, it provides preliminary data that mentoring for youth with ASD has promise for increasing self-esteem, social skills, and quality of life

UTILITY OF OPEN POPULATION MODELS: LIMITATIONS POSED BY PARAMETER ESTIMABILITY IN THE STUDY OF MIGRATORY STOPOVER

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