48 research outputs found
Galactic dynamics and long-range quantum gravity
We explore in a systematic way the possibility that long-range quantum
gravity effects could play a role at galactic scales and could be responsible
for the phenomenology commonly attributed to dark matter. We argue that the
presence of baryonic matter breaks the scale symmetry of the de Sitter (dS)
spacetime generating an IR scale , corresponding to the scale at which the
typical dark matter effects we observe in galaxies arise. It also generates a
huge number of bosonic excitations with wavelength larger than the size of the
cosmological horizon and in thermal equilibrium with dS spacetime. We show that
for these excitations produce a new component for the radial
acceleration of stars in galaxies which leads to the result found by McGaugh
{\sl et al.} by fitting a large amount of observational data and with the MOND
theory. We also propose a generalized thermal equivalence principle and use it
to give another independent derivation of our result. Finally, we show that our
result can be also derived as the weak field limit of Einstein's general
relativity sourced by an anisotropic fluid.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, minor changes, references adde
Symmetries, Holography and Quantum Phase Transition in Two-dimensional Dilaton AdS Gravity
We present a revisitation of the Almheiri-Polchinski dilaton gravity model
from a two-dimensional (2D) bulk perspective. We describe a peculiar feature of
the model, namely the pattern of conformal symmetry breaking using bulk Killing
vectors, a covariant definition of mass and the flow between different vacua of
the theory. We show that the effect of the symmetry breaking is both the
generation of an infrared scale (a mass gap) and to make local the Goldstone
modes associated with the asymptotic symmetries of the 2D spacetime. In this
way a non vanishing central charge is generated in the dual conformal theory,
which accounts for the microscopic entropy of the 2D black hole. The use of
covariant mass allows to compare energetically the two different vacua of the
theory and to show that at zero temperature the vacuum with a constant dilaton
is energetically preferred. We also translate in the bulk language several
features of the dual CFT discussed by Maldacena et al. The uplifting of the 2D
model to dimensional theories exhibiting hyperscaling violation is
briefly discussed.Comment: 7 pages, no figure
Effective Fluid Description of the Dark Universe
We propose an effective anisotropic fluid description for a generic
infrared-modified theory of gravity. In our framework, the additional component
of the acceleration, commonly attributed to dark matter, is explained as a
radial pressure generated by the reaction of the dark energy fluid to the
presence of baryonic matter. Using quite general assumptions, and a microscopic
description of the fluid in terms of a Bose-Einstein condensate of gravitons,
we find the static, spherically symmetric solution for the metric in terms of
the Misner-Sharp mass function and the fluid pressure. At galactic scales, we
correctly reproduce the leading MOND-like and subleading
terms in the weak-field expansion of the potential. Our
description also predicts a tiny (of order for a typical spiral
galaxy) Machian modification of the Newtonian potential at galactic scales,
which is controlled by the cosmological acceleration.Comment: 13 pages, no figures. Replaced version: major revisions in the
introduction, microscopic derivation of Tully-Fisher relation using
Bose-Einstein condensate of gravitons. Some typos correcte
Emergence of a Dark Force in Corpuscular Gravity
We investigate the emergent laws of gravity when Dark Energy and the de
Sitter space-time are modelled as a critical Bose-Einstein condensate of a
large number of soft gravitons . We argue that this scenario
requires the presence of various regimes of gravity in which scales
in different ways. Moreover, the local gravitational interaction affecting
baryonic matter can be naturally described in terms of gravitons pulled out
from this Dark Energy condensate (DEC). We then explain the additional
component of the acceleration at galactic scales, commonly attributed to dark
matter, as the reaction of the DEC to the presence of baryonic matter. This
additional dark force is also associated to gravitons pulled out from the DEC
and correctly reproduces the MOND acceleration. It also allows for an effective
description in terms of General Relativity sourced by an anisotropic fluid. We
finally calculate the mass ratio between the contribution of the apparent dark
matter and the baryonic matter in a region of size at galactic scales and
show that it is consistent with the CDM predictions.Comment: 20 pages, no figure
When gravity meets philosophy again: the Gravitas project
Gravity is, by far, one of the scientific themes that have most piqued the
curiosity of scientists and philosophers over the centuries. The history of
science tells us that when the creative effort of physicists and philosophers
to solve the main puzzles of the understanding of our universe met, a new
conceptual revolution has started. However, since Einstein's relativistic
theories and the subsequent advent of quantum mechanics, physicists and
philosophers have taken different paths, both kidnapped by the intrinsic
conceptual and mathematical difficulties inherited by their studies. Is it
possible to restore a unitary vision of knowledge, overcoming the
scientific-humanistic dichotomy that has established itself over time? The
answer is certainly not trivial, but we can start from school to experience a
new vision of a unified knowledge. From this need, the Gravitas project has
born. Gravitas is a multidisciplinary outreach and educational program devoted
to high school students (17-19 years old) that mixes contemporary physics and
the philosophy of science. Coordinated by the Cagliari Section of the National
Institute of Nuclear Physics, in Italy, Gravitas has started on December 2021
with an unconventional online format: two researchers coming from different
fields of research meet a moderator and informally discuss about gravity and
related phenomena. The public can chat and indirectly interact with them during
the YouTube live. The project involved about 250 students from 16 high schools
in Sardinia, Italy. Students should also create posts thought for social media
whose content is based on the seminars they attended during the project. We
present the project and discuss its possible outcomings concerning the
introduction of a multidisciplinary approach in teaching physics, philosophy,
and the history of contemporary physics in high schools.Comment: To appear in Proceedings of ICHEP 2022 Conference, 6 pages, 8
figures. An extended version of the abstract appears in the pape
The Optimal Permeation of Cyclic Boronates to Cross the Outer Membrane via the Porin Pathway
We investigated the diffusion of three cyclic boronates formulated as beta-lactamase inhibitors through the porin OmpF to evaluate their potential to cross OM via the porin pathway. The three nonbeta-lactam molecules diffuse through the porin eyelet region with the same mechanism observed for beta-lactam molecules and diazobicyclooctan derivatives, with the electric dipole moment aligned with the transversal electric field. In particular, the BOH group can interact with both the basic ladder and the acidic loop L3, which is characteristic of the size-constricted region of this class of porins. On one hand, we confirm that the transport of small molecules through enterobacter porins has a common general mechanism; on the other, the class of cyclic boronate molecules does not seem to have particular difficulties in diffusing through enterobacter porins, thus representing a good scaffold for new anti-infectives targeting Gram-negative bacteria research
Oil Essential Mouthwashes Antibacterial Activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: A Comparison between Antibiofilm and Antiplanktonic Effects
The aim of this work is to determine the antibacterial activity of three marketed mouthwashes on suspended and sessile states of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The efficacy of two commonly used products in clinical practice, containing essential oils as active ingredients (menthol, thymol, methyl salicylate, and eucalyptol) in association with or without alcohol, has been evaluated in comparison with a chlorhexidine-based mouthwash. The microtiter plate assay, in order to obtain a spectrophotometric measurement of bacterial responses at growing dilutions of each antiseptic, was used for the study. The analysis revealed that a good antibacterial activity is reached when the abovementioned mouthwashes were used at concentration over a 1/24 dilution and after an exposure time of 30 seconds at least. In conclusion, the alcoholic mouthwash appears to have a better biofilm inhibition than its antiplanktonic activity while the nonalcoholic product demonstrates an opposite effect with a better antiplanktonic behavior
On the universality of thermodynamics and η/s ratio for the charged Lovelock black branes
Abstract: We investigate general features of charged Lovelock black branes by giving a detailed description of geometrical, thermodynamic and holographic properties of charged Gauss-Bonnet (GB) black branes in five dimensions. We show that when expressed in terms of effective physical parameters, the thermodynamic behaviour of charged GB black branes is completely indistinguishable from that of charged Einstein black branes. Moreover, the extremal, near-horizon limit of the two classes of branes is exactly the same as they allow for the same AdS2 × R3, near-horizon, exact solution. This implies that, although in the UV the associated dual QFTs are different, they flow in the IR to the same fixed point. The calculation of the shear viscosity to entropy ratio η/s confirms these results. Despite the GB dual plasma has in general a non-universal temperature-dependent η/s, it flows monotonically to the universal value 1/4π in the IR. For negative (positive) GB coupling constant, η/s is an increasing (decreasing) function of the temperature and the flow respects (violates) the KSS bound