Edema and malignancy in meningiomas

PURPOSE: In recent years there have been many attempts to define a subset of aggressive malignant meningiomas based on histopathology and imaging technologies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of peritumoral edema and its volume using the imaging technologies, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and correlate these results with the histological WHO classification. Reported causes of tumoral edema and its relationships to the histological characteristics were also reviewed. METHODS: The cases of 55 patients with meningiomas who underwent surgery at the Hospital das Clinicas (Fac Med Univ Sao Paulo) between September 1993 and September 1997 were reviewed. The level of edema according to the classification of Ide et al. (1995) was compared to the histological WHO classification. RESULTS: Classification of the degree of edema was: level 0 edema - 28 cases ; level I edema - 19 cases; level II edema - 8 cases. Histological classification was: benign meningioma - 43 cases; atypical meningiomas - 11 cases; malignant meningioma - 1 case. There was a significant (P = .0089) correlation between the degree of tumoral edema and the histological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the degree of edema as revealed by computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be an important clinical predictive factor for the histological grade of the meningioma.OBJETIVO: Nos últimos anos têm-se descrito alguns subtipos de meningiomas de comportamento peculiarmente agressivo. Muitas tentativas têm sido feitas no intuito de estabelecer critérios imagenológicos ou histopatológicos de malignidade. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar, através de Tomografia Computadorizada e Ressonância Nuclear Magnética o grau de edema peritumoral e seu volume, correlacionando-os com a classificação histológica da OMS. As causas relatadas de edema peritumoral e sua possível correlação histológica foram também revistos. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 55 casos de meningiomas operados no Hospital das Clinicas (FMUSP) entre Setembro de 1993 e Setembro de 1997. O grau de edema segundo a classificação de Ide et al. (1995) foi comparado com a classificação da OMS. RESULTADOS: Os achados relativos a edema foram: edema grau 0 - 28 pacientes; grau I - 19 pacientes; grau II - 8 pacientes. A classificação histológica demonstrou: meningiomas benignos - 43 casos; meningiomas atípicos - 11 casos meningioma maligno - 1 caso. Demonstrou-se uma correlação significativa (p = 0,0089) entre o grau de edema dos meningiomas e suas características histológicas. CONCLUSÕES: Esses resultados sugerem que o grau de edema avaliado imagenologicamente pela Tomografia Computadorizada e Ressonância Nuclear Magnética pode ser um importante fator preditivo da gradação histológica dos meningiomas

Dor lombar associada à vértebra de transição lombossacra: dificuldades no diagnóstico e manejo da síndrome de Bertolotti

OBJECTIVE: Bertolotti's syndrome is a spine disorder characterized by the occurrence of a congenital lumbar transverse mega-apophysis in a transitional vertebral body that usually articulates with the sacrum or the iliac bone. It has been considered a possible cause of low back pain. METHOD: We analyzed the cases of Bertolotti's syndrome that failed clinical treatment and reviewed the literature concerning this subject. RESULTS: Five patients in our series had severe low back pain due to the neo-articulation and two of them were successfully submitted to surgical resection of the transverse mega-apophysis. Taking into account the clinical and surgical experience acquired with these cases, we propose a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm. CONCLUSION: There is still no consensus about the most appropriate therapy for Bertolotti's syndrome. In patients in whom the mega-apophysis itself may be the source of back pain, surgical resection may be a safe and effective procedure.OBJETIVO: A síndrome de Bertolotti é uma desordem congênita da coluna vertebral caracterizada pela ocorrência de uma mega-apófise transversa lombar em uma vértebra de aspecto transicional, que geralmente se articula com o sacro ou com o osso ilíaco. Tal síndrome tem sido considerada possível causa de dor lombar. MÉTODO: Análise dos casos de síndrome de Bertolotti que apresentavam dor lombar sem melhora com tratamento conservador e revisão dos artigos publicados. RESULTADOS: Foram revisados cinco pacientes que não apresentaram melhora com o tratamento clínico, sendo que dois foram submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica da mega-apófise transversa. Considerando a experiência adquirida com estes casos, os autores propõem um algoritmo para diagnóstico e tratamento da Síndrome de Bertolotti. CONCLUSÃO: Ainda não há consenso sobre qual é a terapia mais apropriada para a Síndrome de Bertolotti. Em pacientes em que a mega-apófise parece ser a origem da lombalgia, a ressecção cirúrgica parece ser um procedimento seguro e efetivo.Instituto de Neurologia de Curitiba Department of NeurosurgeryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Neurosurgery/NeurologyUNIFESP, Department of Neurosurgery/NeurologySciEL

Edema and malignancy in meningiomas Edema e malignidade em meningiomas

PURPOSE: In recent years there have been many attempts to define a subset of aggressive malignant meningiomas based on histopathology and imaging technologies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of peritumoral edema and its volume using the imaging technologies, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and correlate these results with the histological WHO classification. Reported causes of tumoral edema and its relationships to the histological characteristics were also reviewed. METHODS: The cases of 55 patients with meningiomas who underwent surgery at the Hospital das Clinicas (Fac Med Univ Sao Paulo) between September 1993 and September 1997 were reviewed. The level of edema according to the classification of Ide et al. (1995) was compared to the histological WHO classification. RESULTS: Classification of the degree of edema was: level 0 edema - 28 cases ; level I edema - 19 cases; level II edema - 8 cases. Histological classification was: benign meningioma - 43 cases; atypical meningiomas - 11 cases; malignant meningioma - 1 case. There was a significant (P = .0089) correlation between the degree of tumoral edema and the histological characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the degree of edema as revealed by computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be an important clinical predictive factor for the histological grade of the meningioma.<br>OBJETIVO: Nos últimos anos têm-se descrito alguns subtipos de meningiomas de comportamento peculiarmente agressivo. Muitas tentativas têm sido feitas no intuito de estabelecer critérios imagenológicos ou histopatológicos de malignidade. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar, através de Tomografia Computadorizada e Ressonância Nuclear Magnética o grau de edema peritumoral e seu volume, correlacionando-os com a classificação histológica da OMS. As causas relatadas de edema peritumoral e sua possível correlação histológica foram também revistos. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 55 casos de meningiomas operados no Hospital das Clinicas (FMUSP) entre Setembro de 1993 e Setembro de 1997. O grau de edema segundo a classificação de Ide et al. (1995) foi comparado com a classificação da OMS. RESULTADOS: Os achados relativos a edema foram: edema grau 0 - 28 pacientes; grau I - 19 pacientes; grau II - 8 pacientes. A classificação histológica demonstrou: meningiomas benignos - 43 casos; meningiomas atípicos - 11 casos meningioma maligno - 1 caso. Demonstrou-se uma correlação significativa (p = 0,0089) entre o grau de edema dos meningiomas e suas características histológicas. CONCLUSÕES: Esses resultados sugerem que o grau de edema avaliado imagenologicamente pela Tomografia Computadorizada e Ressonância Nuclear Magnética pode ser um importante fator preditivo da gradação histológica dos meningiomas

CONTROVERSIES ON VERTEBROPLASTY AND KYPHOPLASTY FOR VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURES

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are widely used for osteoporotic and cancer-related vertebral compression fractures refractory to medical treatment. Many aspects of these procedures have been extensively discussed in the literature during the last few years. In this article, we perform a critical appraisal of current evidence on effectiveness and ongoing controversies regarding surgical technique, indications and contraindications, clinical outcomes and potential complications of these procedures

Past, present and future perspectives of genetic therapy in gliomas

High-grade gliomas are relatively frequent in adults and consist in the most malignant form of primary brain tumor. They are resistant to standard treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, being fatal within 1 to 2 years of onset of symptoms. Owing to the promising practical clinical benefits that can be expected for the near future, an exposition of the basic issues in genetic therapy of gliomas seems timely. In this article we intend to provide a general review that covers the most important genes already studied as possible agents for genetic therapy in gliomas. In a critical analysis we intend to expose and discuss anti-tumoral mechanisms and therapeutical results of studies with the following class of genes: prodrug activation systems, apoptosis-related genes, anti-angiogenic factors genes, radiosensitization genes, chemosensitization genes, apoptosis-related genes and immunogenes. Finally we discuss the historical importance, actual role and further developments that can be expected from each of these class of agents for the future of genetic therapy of gliomas

Review Article - Genetic therapy in gliomas: Historical analysis and future perspectives

High-grade gliomas are relatively frequent in adults, and consist of the most malignant kind of primary brain tumor. Being resistant to standard treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, it is fatal within 1 to 2 years of onset of symptoms. Although several gene therapy systems proved to be efficient in controlling or eradicating these tumors in animal models, the clinical studies performed so far were not equally successful. Most clinical studies showed that methodologies that increase tumor infection/transduction and, consequently confer more permanent activity against the tumor, will lead to enhanced therapeutic results. Due to the promising practical clinical benefits that can be expected for the near future, an exposition to the practicing neurosurgeon about the basic issues in genetic therapy of gliomas seems convenient. Among the main topics, we shall discuss anti-tumoral mechanisms of various genes that can be transfected, the advantages and drawbacks of the different vectors utilized, the possibilities of tumor targeting by modifications in the native tropism of virus vectors, as well as the different physical methods for vector delivery to the tumors. Along with the exposition we will also review of the history of the genetic therapy for gliomas, with special focus on the main problems found during the advancement of scientific discoveries in this area. A general analysis is also made of the present state of this promising therapeutic modality, with reference to the problems that still must be solved and the new paradigms for future research in this area