Transverse wobbling in Pr 135

A pair of transverse wobbling bands is observed in the nucleus Pr135. The wobbling is characterized by ΔI=1, E2 transitions between the bands, and a decrease in the wobbling energy confirms its transverse nature. Additionally, a transition from transverse wobbling to a three-quasiparticle band comprised of strong magnetic dipole transitions is observed. These observations conform well to results from calculations with the tilted axis cranking model and the quasiparticle rotor model

The European Solar Telescope

The European Solar Telescope (EST) is a project aimed at studying the magnetic connectivity of the solar atmosphere, from the deep photosphere to the upper chromosphere. Its design combines the knowledge and expertise gathered by the European solar physics community during the construction and operation of state-of-the-art solar telescopes operating in visible and near-infrared wavelengths: the Swedish 1m Solar Telescope, the German Vacuum Tower Telescope and GREGOR, the French Télescope Héliographique pour l'Étude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaires, and the Dutch Open Telescope. With its 4.2 m primary mirror and an open configuration, EST will become the most powerful European ground-based facility to study the Sun in the coming decades in the visible and near-infrared bands. EST uses the most innovative technological advances: the first adaptive secondary mirror ever used in a solar telescope, a complex multi-conjugate adaptive optics with deformable mirrors that form part of the optical design in a natural way, a polarimetrically compensated telescope design that eliminates the complex temporal variation and wavelength dependence of the telescope Mueller matrix, and an instrument suite containing several (etalon-based) tunable imaging spectropolarimeters and several integral field unit spectropolarimeters. This publication summarises some fundamental science questions that can be addressed with the telescope, together with a complete description of its major subsystems

Normal deformed bands and possibility of TSD structures in the N=92N=92 166^{166}W nucleus

International audienceTriaxial Strongly Deformed (TSD) band structures have been observed in several LuHf-Ta isotopes in the A∼165 region. The occurrence of TSD bands in Lu (Z=71) and Hf (Z=72) isotopes is not consistent with predicted proton and neutron shell gaps, probably due to inadequate knowledge of energies of high-j orbitals at large triaxiality. Based on calculated shell gaps, among the Lu isotopes, 165Lu94 and 168Lu97 are good candidates for TSD structures. However, the strongest TSD band in 163Lu92 is observed to be three times more strongly populated than the corresponding one in 165Lu94, and TSD structures have not yet been observed in 168Lu97. Further, no TSD bands have been observed in 166Hf94, which is located at the centre of the predicted TSD island. The above observations appear to indicate that, at large triaxiality, TSD structures may be favored at N=92 than at N=94. Calculations by R. Bengtsson indicate that TSD band in 166W, with a positive γ value should become yrast at spin, I∼44~. The aforesaid systematic calculations of TSD and Normal Deformed (ND) structures in Hf, Yb and W isotopes further suggest that the N=92 isotones in these three elements have higher excitation energies at normal deformation in the spin range of 30-50 ~ [1]. So, the favorable position of TSD bands in the N=92 isotones may be an outcome of the fact that the band at normal deformation goes up in energy for this neutron number. There were two previous measurements to study high-spin states in 166W. In the first measurement, a 28Si beam was used by Gerl et al. [2] and four HPGe detectors were used to record data. In the second measurement by Simpson et al. [3], the p2n reaction channel was used, and the deexciting γ rays were detected using the POLYTESSA array. The positive-parity yrast band was observed up to an excitation energy of 9 MeV, and spin, I = 30~, well below where possible TSD bands are expected to be yrast. Two other negativeparity rotational bands were also reported up to spin, I = 23~

Integrating genetics with single-cell multiomic measurements across disease states identifies mechanisms of beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes

Dysfunctional pancreatic islet beta cells are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including gene dysregulation, is lacking. Here we integrate information from measurements of chromatin accessibility, gene expression and function in single beta cells with genetic association data to nominate disease-causal gene regulatory changes in T2D. Using machine learning on chromatin accessibility data from 34 nondiabetic, pre-T2D and T2D donors, we identify two transcriptionally and functionally distinct beta cell subtypes that undergo an abundance shift during T2D progression. Subtype-defining accessible chromatin is enriched for T2D risk variants, suggesting a causal contribution of subtype identity to T2D. Both beta cell subtypes exhibit activation of a stress-response transcriptional program and functional impairment in T2D, which is probably induced by the T2D-associated metabolic environment. Our findings demonstrate the power of multimodal single-cell measurements combined with machine learning for characterizing mechanisms of complex diseases

Transverse Wobbling in 135^{135}Pr

International audienceA pair of transverse wobbling bands is observed in the nucleus Pr135. The wobbling is characterized by ΔI=1, E2 transitions between the bands, and a decrease in the wobbling energy confirms its transverse nature. Additionally, a transition from transverse wobbling to a three-quasiparticle band comprised of strong magnetic dipole transitions is observed. These observations conform well to results from calculations with the tilted axis cranking model and the quasiparticle rotor model.</p