Physico-chemical and microbiological characterization of the ground water across the city Bareilly (U.P.), India

The drinking water quality (underground water) of Bareilly city has been assessed by estimating physicochemical parameters and calculating Water Quality Index (WQI). Water Quality Index plays an important role in interpreting the information on water quality. The WQI of different sites shows that drinking water is of good quality. The correlation between different parameters was also estimated. During course of study the average value of physico-chemical parameters studied were observed as temperature 20.17 o C, turbidity 2.17 NTU, pH 8.13, electrical conductivity 1360 mmhos/cm, total dissolved solids 1218.9 mg/l, total hardness 515.0 mg/l chlorides 106.34 mg/l, alkalinity 342.15, fluorides 0.44 mg/l, sulphates 84.68 mg/l, nitrates 22.83 mg/l, DO 2.44 mg/l, BOD 1.26 mg/l. While average MPN were observed as 5.66 and average WQI as 21.48

Human health risk assessment of temporal and spatial variations of ground water quality at a densely industrialized commercial complex at Haridwar, India

The observations of present investigation revealed that the groundwater regime at State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) Industrial Estate (IE) was highly responsive to the anthropogenic stress of recharge and discharge parameters concerning the distressing industrial activities. The present study on groundwater characteristics of SIDCUL-IE, Haridwar in year 2013-2014 showed that the water of Sampling station-D (SSD) had relatively poor quality in comparison to the groundwater collected from Sampling station-A (SSA), Sampling station-B (SSB) and Sampling station-C (SSC). The samples had a high mineral load with relatively wider pH range. The physico-chemical parameters like pH (6.35 in October) at SSA, TDS (553.5 mg/l in November) at SSC, TH (600.0 mg/l in July) at SSB and alkalinity (525.0 mg/l in October) at SSD were beyond the prescribed limits of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The Karl Pearson correlation matrix showed moderate to significantly positive correlation between various parameters like COD-phosphorus (r=0.629), temperature-DO (r=-0.477) at SSA; pH and bicarbonate (r=0.668) at SSB; pH-temperature (r=-0.551),turbidity-BOD (r=0.467), BOD-phosphorus (r=0.518), bicarbonate-acidity (r=-0.833) at SSC and TSS-turbidity (r=0.616), BOD-COD (r=0.6771) at SSD and temperature-DO (r=-0.666), hardness-acidity (r=-0.6542) BOD-COD (r=0.654) at control site. The overall quality of groundwater, though hard, was found acceptable for drinking purpose. The divergence in the results of groundwater samples taken from SIDCUL-IE and the Control site, 2 km away from SIDCUL-IE, indicated that groundwater pollution is increasing alarmingly which may have serious threats to human health in near future

Study of planktonic diversity of river Ganga from Devprayag to Roorkee, Uttarakhand (India)

Analysis of water samples for planktonic diversity has been carried out for five sampling stations of river Ganga stretched over a distance of 125 kms from Devprayag to Roorkee. The investigation was carried out for a period of one year at five different sampling sites i.e. Sampling station A (Devprayag), Sampling station B (Rishikesh), Sampling station C (Haridwar) Sampling station D ( Pul Jatwara) and Sampling station E (Roorkee). In the present study of river Ganga, Among the zooplankton, Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepod, Ostracods constitute the main component and in phytoplankton Diatoms were dominated and class Blue green algae, green algae was found least during study period. Majority of zooplankton shows maximum occurrence and abundance during the high salinity period

Physico-chemical and microbiological status of River Asan in Dehradun Uttarakhand

India is rich in water resources, being endowed with a network of rivers and blessed with snow cover in the Himalayan range that can meet a variety of water requirements of the country. However, with the rapid increase in the population of the country and the need to meet the increasing demands of irrigation, human and industrial consumption, the available water resources in many parts of the country are getting depleted and the water quality has deteriorated. In the present study physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the water of River Asan in Doon valley of Uttarakhand India were determined seasonally during April 2011 to March 2012.Turbidity, TS, TDS and TSS values were maximum on all the sites in rainy season which may be due to the gradual disturbances in sedimentation of solids as well as dust particlesdeposited along with runoff rainwater. High temperature, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, BOD and low velocity and DO showed high load of pollution in river Asan. The microbiological studies include Total Colliform/ml (462±113.13),Faecal Colliform/ml (294.5±47.37) and SPC/ml (16×102) gives a clear indication of poor water quality. The results of bacterial parameters studies exceed the drinking water permissible limits suggested by WHO, ICMR and ISI.

Seasonal variation in physico-chemical characteristic status of River Yamuna in Doon Valley of Uttarakhand

During the last few decades there has been an increasing demand for monitoring water quality of many rivers by regular measurements of various water quality variables. River Yamuna in Uttarakhand requires the same qualitative and quantitative aspects of monitoring for predicting the steady state water quality conditions. In the present work various physico chemical parameters i.e. , Temperature, transparency,  velocity, turbidity, conductivity, TS, TDS, TSS, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, free CO2, DO, BOD, COD, phosphate, nitrate, sodium and potassium  were analyzed for various seasons; Summer, Monsoon, Winter, for the period (April, 2011-March, 2012) in surface water of river Yamuna. Our results showed that TS, TDS and TSS were maximum in monsoon and temperature and Dissolved Oxygen was found to be maximum in winter. Velocity was found to be maximum in monsoon followed by summer and winter. The observations implied that the physico- chemical conditions of River Yamuna was good in all the three seasons however change in seasonal conditions had a great effect on hydrological parameters

Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of Ganga Canal water quality in Uttarakhand

Assessment of physicochemical parameters of Ganga Canal water was carried out during 2012-2013 at Haridwar (Uttarakhand) with two different sites, i.e., Bhimgoda Barrage (site 1-control site) and Bahadrabad (site 2-contaminated site), where canal water flows with loads of pollution from highly commercial and industrial areas. During investigation, maximum turbidity (287.72 +/- 56.28 JTU), total solids (1167.60 +/- 303.90 mg l(-1)), free CO2 (1.88 +/- 0.22 mg l(-1)), total hardness (60.14 +/- 1.13 mg l(-1)), pH (7.1 +/- 0.13), nitrate (0.048 +/- 0.010), nitrite (0.019 +/- 0.001), biochemical oxygen demand (2.866 +/- 1.098), chemical oxygen demand (6.8 +/- 2.61) and phosphate (0.087 +/- 0.015), while minimum velocity (1.71 +/- 0.19 ms(-1)), transparency (0.12 +/- 0.08 m) and dissolved oxygen (7.95 +/- 0.44 mg l(-1)) were recorded in monsoon season at site 2 in comparison with site 1. The mean values of these parameters were compared with WHO and ISI standards and found significant differences (p < 0.05) in the mean values of turbidity, total solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2 and total hardness with sampling sites. The turbidity of both the sites 1 and 2 was recorded above the permissible limit. Turbidity of site 2 is much higher than of site 1, so it is counted as more polluted. The values of the studied parameters were more during monsoon season and summer season at site 2 as compared to site 1. The results indicated that most of the physicochemical parameters from Ganga Canal system were within or at periphery in comparison with permissible limit of ISI and WHO for drinking water and therefore may be suitable for domestic purposes, but it requires perceptible consideration due to intense changes in climate and increase in pollution

Physico-chemical and microbiological characterization of the ground water across the city Bareilly (U.P.), India

The drinking water quality (underground water) of Bareilly city has been assessed by estimating physicochemical parameters and calculating Water Quality Index (WQI). Water Quality Index plays an important role in interpreting the information on water quality. The WQI of different sites shows that drinking water is of good quality. The correlation between different parameters was also estimated. During course of study the average value of physico-chemical parameters studied were observed as temperature 20.17 o C, turbidity 2.17 NTU, pH 8.13, electrical conductivity 1360 mmhos/cm, total dissolved solids 1218.9 mg/l, total hardness 515.0 mg/l chlorides 106.34 mg/l, alkalinity 342.15, fluorides 0.44 mg/l, sulphates 84.68 mg/l, nitrates 22.83 mg/l, DO 2.44 mg/l, BOD 1.26 mg/l. While average MPN were observed as 5.66 and average WQI as 21.48

HPI appraisal of concentrations of heavy metals in dynamic and static flow of Ganga River System

Ganga River system is a life support system to sustain the people of northeast region, India, by providing freshwater resource. In this study, the seasonal heavy metal concentrations of Ganga River system at Haridwar region (India) have been characterised for metal pollution. The collection of water samples was done from 10 different locations and analysed for various metal parameters (Zn, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu, Si, Al, Ni, Cd, Mg and Co) using a standard laboratory procedures. The pollution level was assessed from the observed concentrations by using Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) for nine heavy metals. The observed values of HPI were found lower than the Critical Pollution Index value of 100 (average value 78.62 and 81.18) during the study period. The concentration of Fe and Mg is exceeding the desirable limits of the World Health Organization, Bureau of Indian Standards and US Environmental Protection Agency in all water samples throughout the study period. The levels of all the metals were higher in the monsoon season and lower in the winter season. The Karl Pearson’s correlation matrix was developed by using the mean values of all parameters and showed the light intensity positively correlated with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and sulphate which indicate good microbial activity. Dissolved oxygen and BOD is found negatively correlated. From this study, it is easy to understand the various harmful effects of metal pollution to irrigation water and health of local people