In What Order Should Learners Learn Japanese Vocabulary? A Corpus-based Approach

This thesis attempts to answer the following two main research questions:1) In what order should learners of Japanese as a second language learn words and characters in order to be able to read Japanese? 2) How will the order vary according to the purpose of learning? To answer these questions, a Vocabulary Database for Reading Japanese (VDRJ) and a Character Database of Japanese (CDJ) were first developed from the Balanced Contemporary Corpus of Written Japanese (BCCWJ) 2009 monitor version (NINJAL, 2009) which contains book texts and internet-forum site texts with 33 million running words in total. Word and character rankings for international students, non-academic learners and general written Japanese were included in these databases. These rankings were proven to be valid for their respective purposes as they provided higher text coverage for the target texts than other texts. After analysing the use of vocabulary and characters in Japanese, three groups of domain-specific words, namely common academic words, limited-academic-domain words and literary words were extracted. In order to test the expected efficiency for learning these groups of words, an index entitled Text Covering Efficiency (TCE) in different types of texts was proposed. The TCE represents the expected return per unit of text length from learning a group of words. As such, the TCE score in the target text domain should determine the order in which words in this domain are most efficiently learned. Indeed, the extracted common academic words and limited-academic-domain words showed significantly higher text coverage and TCE scores in academic texts than in other texts. Literary words also provided high text coverage and high TCE scores in literary texts, despite a lower efficiency level than that of academic vocabulary in academic texts. Learning domain-specific words is expected to be much more efficient than learning other words at the intermediate level. At the advanced level or above, learning domain-specific words will be further more efficient in some domains such as the natural sciences. In sum, the TCE has been shown to provide useful information for deciding on the learning order of various groups of words. Other findings based on the analyses using the databases and word lists include the features of some indices for dispersion and adjusted frequency, lexical features of different media and genres, indexicality of the distributions of word origins and parts of speech, and the discrepancy between learning orders of words and Kanji. A Lexical Learning Possibility Index for a Reading Text (LEPIX) was also proposed for the simplification of a text as a vocabulary learning resource

How accurately does a Japanese version of a Can-do Scale measure Japanese language ability?

日本語版Can-do Scaleが,どれくらい正確に外国人日本語学習者の日本語能力を測定しうるかを検討した。その結果,「聞く」「話す」「読む」「書く」の4技能からなる20項目の質問すべてについて,項目間に有意な相関が得られた。また,クロンバックのアルファ係数も極めて高い数値であった。しかし,因子分析の結果,「聞く」「話す」「書く」の群と「読む」の群の2つの因子にしか分けられないことがわかった。また、日本語能力テストの得点と日本語版Can-do Scaleで測定した4技能の間には、有意な相関はみられなかった。さらに,4技能から日本語能力を予測する重回帰分析を行ったが、どの技能も日本語能力を予測する有意な変数ではなかった。つまり,自己評価型の質問紙は,日本語の能力を予測できないという結果であった。これは個人の社会・文化的背景,言語不安や性格要因などから,自己の言語能力を過大あるいは過小に自己評価してしまうためであると考えられよう

漢字学習と語彙学習はどうあるべきか－テスト，コーパス，データベースの分析から考える－

application/pdf東京大学第32回第二言語習得研究会（全国大会）シンポジウム報告「『漢字を活用する力』とは？」の一部 第二言語習得研究会（JASLA） https://jasla.sakura.ne.jp/journal/journal articl

近赤外線による表在血管イメージングシステムの開発

取得学位 : 博士(保健学), 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第2254 号, 学位授与年月日 : 平成24年3月22日, 学位授与大学 : 金沢大学, 審査結果の報告日 : 平成24年2月23

ゴイ ガクシュウ センコウ モジュール ノ ニッチュウ バイリンガル ジドウ セイト ヘノ オウヨウ ボゴ ノ カンジ チシキ ヲ イカス

日中バイリンガル児童・生徒は、L1中国語の漢字知識を日本語漢字語の学習に活かせば、より早く日本語での教科学習に適応できるはずである。そのための方策として、本稿では松下(2002)の「語彙学習先行モジュール」の考え方を年少者に適用することを試みた。具体的には工藤(1999)の「基本語A」1755語と成人対象の「基本語二千」(2030語)の両者に共通の1558語を基礎資料とし、そこに含まれる基本義と基本的用法が日中両語で一致する同形漢字語150語(9.6%)を「児童生徒の基本語彙のうちのL1中国語知識直接利用可能語彙」として示した

Qualitative near-infrared vascular imaging system with tuned aperture computed tomography

We developed a novel system for imaging and qualitatively analyzing the surface vessels using nearinfrared (NIR) radiation using tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT®). The system consisted of a NIRsensitive CCD camera surrounded by sixty light emitting diodes (with wavelengths alternating between 700 or 810 nm). This system produced thin NIR tomograms, under 0.5 mm in slice thickness. The venous oxygenation index reflecting oxygen saturation levels calculated from NIR tomograms was more sensitive than that from the NIR images. This novel system makes it possible to noninvasively obtain NIR tomograms and accurately analyze changes in oxygen saturation. © 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).Thesis of Matsushita, Tatsuhiko / 松下 達彦 博士学位論文(金沢大学 / 大学院医薬保健学総合研究科

The Relationship between Cutaneous Wounds Made on Obese Mice or Those with Decreased Body Weight and Serum Leptin Level

Purpose: Not all obese people have hyperglycemia. We wondered about the healing progress in obese people without hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study is to observe the cutaneous wound healing process. Methods: Three-week-old male mice were fed high-fat diets (containing 60% fat) in the diet group, and commercial diets in the control group, ad libitum for 15 weeks. Circle-full-thickness cutaneous wounds were made on the dorsal skin of mice. From day 0 to day 15 after wounding, we analyzed wound healing process. We measured the blood concentration of leptin, and observed the distribution of leptin-positive cells in each wound. Results: Mean body weight, the areas of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat, and the weight of epididymal fat in the diet group were significantly greater than those in the control group at 15 weeks after feeding. The diet group did not feed on the diet after wounding; their body weight decreased remarkably to the level of the control group. The ratio of wound area, re-epithelialization, and collagen fibers did not differ between the diet and control groups on each day. The blood concentration of leptin in the diet group was significantly greater than that in the control group before wounding and until day 6 after wounding (day 0, 10 hour and day 1: p < 0.01, day 6: p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that the wound healing process is similar between obese and non-obese mice, and that the decrease in the leptin level in the obese mouse to that in the non-obese mouse may depend on the decrease of body weight of obese mouse

Optimization of transparent conducting Al-doped zinc oxide filmsprepared by pulsed laser deposition

Approximately 100-nm-thick Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films with 100-500 stacking layers have been prepared on glass substrate at 230℃ by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using a split target divided into AZO (Al_2O_3 : 1wt.%) and AZO (Al_2O_3 : 2wt.%). Film compositions were adjusted by changing the ratio (trace ratio) of the time required to irradiate each side of the target alternately by an ArF excimer laser (λ= 193nm) or Nd : YAG laser (λ=266, 355 and 532nm). As a result, the AZO film with 500 stacking layers deposited by irradiating pulsed laser beam of the wavelength of 193nm at repetition frequency of 2Hz gave the lowest resistivity of 2.24x10^Ω・cm under optimized conditions of laser energy density of 1 J/cm^2 and trace ratio of AZO (Al_2O_3 : 1wt.%) : (Al_2O_3 : 2wt.%) = 1 : 4. The surface roughness was 0.69nm and the FWHM of the ZnO(0002) peak was 0.73°. An average transmittance of more than 90% in the visible range were obtained for the AZO films with 500 stacking layers deposited under these optimized conditions, providing useful functionality as TCO films in the visible range

COP基板上に成膜した酸化亜鉛系透明導電膜

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were in turn deposited on cycloolefin polymer (COP) substrates by means of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using an ArF excimer laser (λ=193 nm). In the laminated AZO/ZnO structure with ultra-thin layer of AZO (20 nm-thick), resistivity of 1.03×10^ Ω・cm, Hall mobility of 20.1 cm^2/V・s, and carrier density of 2.46×10^ cm^ were obtained. Ga-doped zinc oxide (GZO) thin films were deposited on COP substrates at room temperature by means of PLD using FHG of Nd: YAG laser (λ=266 nm, laser energy density 2～16 mJ/cm^2) at room temperature. As a result, the resistivity was improved from 6.61×10^ Ω・cm to 5.94×10^4 Ω・cm for films annealed at a laser energy density of 12 mJ/cm^2