Comparação entre duas estratégias para a detecção precoce do hipotiroidismo congênito Comparison between two strategies for the precocious detection of congenital hypothyroidism

OBJETIVO: Comparar em recém-nascidos (RN) duas estratégias diferentes para o rastreamento do hipotiroidismo congênito (HC), a dosagem primária de TSH no sangue colhido do cordão umbilical (método 1) e a dosagem primária de T4 no sangue colhido por punção de calcanhar no 2º dia de internação (método 2). MÉTODOS: Os autores compararam as duas estratégias em 10.000 RN. Dosaram o TSH por método imunofluorimétrico sensível em papel de filtro e o T4 por radioimunoensaio em papel de filtro. A coleta de sangue do calcanhar foi realizada no 2º dia de vida RESULTADOS: Os dois programas diagnosticaram todos os casos de HC nos RN (4 casos, 1/2.500 RN). O índice de rechamada por coleta inadequada foi nulo no método 1 e de 8,5% (850 RN) no método 2. O índice de reconvocação para confirmação de resultados foi de 0,06% (6 RN) no método 1 e de 2,25% (225 RN) no método 2; quando este método incluía também a dosagem suplementar de TSH, o índice baixou para 1,63% (163 RN). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados dos autores evidenciam a superioridade técnica da coleta de sangue a partir do cordão umbilical em relação à punção de calcanhar, assim como da dosagem primária de TSH em relação à de T4, uma vez que apresentam índices muito menores de reconvocação.<br>OBJECTIVE: Compare two different strategies in newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism, primary TSH in the umbilical cord blood (method 1) and primary T4 in blood collected from the heel in the 2nd day of life (method 2). METHODS: We compared both strategies in 10,000 newborns, measuring TSH by a sensitive immunofluorimetric assay and T4 by a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Both strategies detected all cases of hypothyroidism (4 cases, 1/2,500 newborns). The recalling index owing to insufficient amount of blood to perform the assays was zero in method 1 and 8.5% (850 newborns) in method 2. The recalling index for confirmation of the results was 0.06% (6 newborns) in method 1 and 2.25% (225 newborns) in method 2; when method 2 included supplementary TSH, the recalling index was reduced to 1.63% (163 newborns). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate the technical superiority of the umbilical cord blood compared to heel and primary TSH compared to primary T4 in the neonatal thyroid screening for congenital hypothyroidism

Comparison Of Two Strategies For The Early Detection Of Congenital Hypothyroidism [comparação Entre Duas Estratégias Para A Detecção Precoce Do Hipotiroidismo Congênito.]

OBJECTIVE: Compare two different strategies in newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism, primary TSH in the umbilical cord blood (method 1) and primary T4 in blood collected from the heel in the 2nd day of life (method 2). METHODS: We compared both strategies in 10,000 newborns, measuring TSH by a sensitive immunofluorimetric assay and T4 by a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Both strategies detected all cases of hypothyroidism (4 cases, 1/2,500 newborns). The recalling index owing to insufficient amount of blood to perform the assays was zero in method 1 and 8.5% (850 newborns) in method 2. The recalling index for confirmation of the results was 0.06% (6 newborns) in method 1 and 2.25% (225 newborns) in method 2; when method 2 included supplementary TSH, the recalling index was reduced to 1.63% (163 newborns). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate the technical superiority of the umbilical cord blood compared to heel and primary TSH compared to primary T4 in the neonatal thyroid screening for congenital hypothyroidism.442818

Increase In The Mortality Associated With The Presence Of Diabetes Mellitus Japanese-brazilians [incremento Na Mortalidade Associada à Presença De Diabetes Mellitus Em Nipo-brasileiros]

Objective: As part of a study involving Japanese migrants, living in a developed city in the state of S. Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, a four-year experience of mortality among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects is described and their respective death rates are compared. In 1993, a cohort of 530 Japanese-Brazilians (236 issei or 1st generation and 294 nisei or 2nd generation) of both sexes, aged 40 from to 79 years old, were identified. Research design and Method: At that time, 91 (17%) were classified as non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (NIDDM), 90 (17%) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 349 (66%) as normal, according to WHO criteria. In 1996, families were questioned with a view detecting the deaths wich had occurred among the subjects previously studied. This information, in addition to that from death certificates was used to record the date and the causes of death. Mortality rates for all causes and for specific causes (circulatory and renal diseases) were obtained for the three groups of subjects, by glucose tolerance status. Proportional hazard regression models were used to compare the mortality rates, adjusted for several covariables (gender, age, generation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and serum creatinine). Results and Conclusions: Crude mortality rate ratios for all causes and specific causes, for NIDDM, and normal subjects were 2.95 (95% CI: 1.10 - 7.62) and 4.57 (95% CI: 1.31- 16.48), respectively. No difference was observed between the crude mortality rate ratio for IGT and normal subjects. After simultaneous adjustments for the covariates, higher mortality rates for specific causes were observed among NIDDM than in the normal subjects (mortality rates ratio: 3.86; 95% CI: 1.11 - 13.38). These results in Japanese-Brazilians are consistent with previous reports of increased mortality in other diabetic subjects, thus confirming the adverse effect of this metabolic disturbance on mortality among diabetic subjects.322118124Carter, J.S., Wiggins, C.L., Becker, T.M., Key, C.R., Samet, J.M., Diabetes mortality among New Mexico American Indian, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic populations, 1958-1987 (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 306-309Ferreira, S.G., Iunes, M., Franco, L.J., Iochida, L.C., Hirai, A., Vivolo, M.A., Disturbances of glucose and lipid metabolism in first and second generation Japanese-Brazilians (1996) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 34, pp. 59-63Franco, L.J., Diabetes in Japanese-Brazilians - Influence of the acculturation process (1996) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 34, pp. 51-57Franco, L.J., Iochida, L.C., Nameri, C., Pagliaro, H., Ferreira, S.R.G., De que morrem os diabéticos no Estado de São Paulo? Análise de causas múltiplas de óbito em 1992 (1995) Rev. Assoc. Lat.-Am. Diabetes, 3, p. 87. , abstract 35Fujimoto, W.Y., The growing prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes in migrant Asian populations and its implications for Asia (1992) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 15, pp. 167-184Geiss, L.S., Herman, W.H., Mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (1995) Diabetes in America. 2nd Ed., pp. 233-257. , Bethesda, National Institutes of Health, chapter 11, NIH Publication 95-1468Gotlieb, S.L.D., Mortalidade em migrantes japoneses residentes no Município de São Paulo (1990) Rev. Saúde Pública, 24, pp. 453-467Hanis, C.L., Chu, H.L., Lawson, K., Hewett-Emmett, D., Barton, S.A., Schull, W.J., Garcia, C.A., Mortality of Mexican Americans with NIDDM (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 82-89Harris, E.K., Albert, A., (1991) Survivorship Analysis for Clinical Studies, , New York, Marcel DekkerKaplan, N.M., The deadly quartet: Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension (1989) Arch. Intern. Med., 149, pp. 1514-1520Laurenti, R., Fonseca, L.A.M., Costa Jr., M.L., Mortalidade por diabetes mellitus no Munìcípìo de São Paulo (Brasil): Evolução em um período de 79 anos (1900-1978) e análise de alguns aspectos sobre associação de causas (1982) Rev. Saúde Pública, 16, pp. 77-91Lee, E.T., Russel, D., Kenny, S., Yu, M.L., A follow-up study of diabetic Oklahoma Indians: Mortality and causes of death (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 300-305Lessa, I., Tendência da mortalidade proporcional pelo diabetes mellitus nas capitals brasileiras, 1950-1985 (1992) Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panan., 113, pp. 212-217(1980) Manual da Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças, Lesões e Causas de Óbito: 9 a Revisão 1975, , São Paulo, Centro da OMS para Classificação de Doenças em Português/Organização Panamericana de SaúdeMelo, M.S., Lólio, C.A., Lucena, M.A.F., Kirzner, C.F., Martins, S.M., Barros, M.N.D.S., Causas múltiplas de morte em diabéticos no Município de Recife, 1987 (1991) Rev. Saúde Pública, 25, pp. 435-442Nelson, R.G., Knowler, W.C., Pettitt, D.J., Bennett, P.H., Kidney diseases in diabetes (1995) Diabetes in America, 2nd Ed., pp. 349-400. , Bethesda, National Institutes of Health, chapter 16, NIH Publication, 95-1468Newman, J.M., Destefano, F., Valway, S.E., German, R.R., Muneta, B., Diabetes-associated mortality in Native Americans (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 297-299Rothman, K.J., (1986) Modern Epidemiology, , Boston, Little Brown and Company(1995) STATACORP: Stata Statistical Software: Release 4.0, , College Station, TX Stata Corporation(1985) Diabetes Mellitus: Report, , Geneva, World Health Organization, 1985. WHO Technical Report Series, 727(1994) Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus, , Geneva, World Health Organization, WHO Technical Report Series, 844Wingard, D.L., Barrett-Connor, E., Heart disease and diabetes (1995) Diabetes in America. 2nd Ed., pp. 429-448. , chapter 19, NIH Publication, 95-146

REXS contribution to electronic ordering investigation in solids

Resonant Elastic X-Ray Scattering (REXS) has played a fundamental role in understanding electronic properties and in revealing hidden order, local symmetries and exotic states realized in correlated solids. This article reports on some of the relevant scientific contributions and technical advances over the last 20 years, by providing a list of related publications produced by various groups all around the world. The given perspective is that of a group of young scientists involved at various times in the investigation of the beauty of electronic ordering by the REXS technique. © 2012 EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag