Ignition Condition for p-^11B Reactor with LHD type Magnetic Field Configuration

Proton-Boron fusion reactor (p-^11B reactor) might be able to be achieved by the combination of the LHD type magnetic field configuration and the ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating scheme of protons. The LHD magnetic field has the excellent ability for the high energy particle confinements. This characteristic is studied by numerical computations of high energetic particles in the LHD magnetic field where the strong ICRF field is applied. It is shown by the Langevin equation analysis that the steady state distribution function of ICRF heated proton becomes to the quasilinear plateau distribution function (QPDF). The fusion reaction rate of p-11B is calculated for QPDF protons and studied the ignition condition. It is found that the ignition condition becomes possible to be satisfied if effective temperature of proton is of the order of 300 keV and nτ >~ 10^22 s/m3

A Case of Inoperable Duodenal Cancer Achieving Long-Term Survival after Multidisciplinary Treatment

A 50-year-old female became aware of skin yellowing and consulted another hospital where she was diagnosed intraoperatively with duodenal cancer because of lymph node metastases around the aorta. Endoscopy revealed type IIa + IIc cancer distal to the duodenal papilla, and biopsy allowed a diagnosis of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography revealed a large number of lymph node metastases around the aorta and in the left supraclavicular cavity. The patient was given many regimens of chemotherapy, mainly containing S-1, and multidisciplinary treatment, and achieved long-term survival for 6 years and 1 month. This is a valuable case suggesting the usefulness of this therapeutic approach. In view of the fact that duodenal cancer is a relatively rare disease and the possibility that the incidence of this disease may increase in the future, it seems essential to collect additional data from multicenter prospective studies towards the goal of establishing a standard method of treatment for this disease

Platelet function of whole blood after short‐term cold storage: A prospective in vitro observational study

[Background] There is no standardized storage temperature of whole blood for acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH). ]Study Design and Methods] We conducted a prospective observational study to examine the difference in platelet function between short-term whole blood storage at 4 and 22°C. Venous blood (40 ml) was collected from seven healthy subjects who gave prior written consent. The samples were divided into three groups: before storage (group Pre), cold (4°C) storage (group C), and room temperature (22°C) storage (group R). Groups C and R were tested after 6 h of blood storage. Platelet aggregability, platelet factor 4 (PF4), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), P-selectin expression, pH, PO2, PCO2, glucose, lactate, blood count, and thromboelastography (TEG) parameters were measured. The percentage change in each parameter in groups C and R was calculated using the value in group Pre as a reference. These data were then compared between groups C and R using a Wilcoxon matched pairs test. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. [Results] Compared with group R, group C showed significantly higher platelet aggregability with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) 2, 4, and 6 μM (all p = 0.016) and collagen 1 μg/ml (p = 0.047) stimulation, and significantly lower PF4 and β-TG elevation (both p = 0.031), glucose consumption (p = 0.031), and lactate production (p = 0.016). The ADP channel in TEG showed a significant increase in platelet aggregation rate in group C compared to group R. [Discussion] Cold storage of whole blood in ANH may provide improved storage conditions for platelets and contribute to improved hemostasis compared to room temperature storage