Steady natural convection flow over a semi-infinite vertical plate induced by diffusion and chemical reaction.

Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1973 .R23. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-13, Section: A. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1973

Surviving and Coping with the Pandemic: Minority Dalit Groups in Northern Bangladesh

Background: The pandemic has aggravated inherent inequalities within the structures of society, whatever their location. Among such socio-economic inequalities, those based on caste – social groupings based on descent and associated with occupation – are the worst. In a world where humanity in general is threatened, the misery and sufferings of those whose humanity is questioned as a part of the customary practice of ‘untouchability’ know no bounds. This article focuses on the impact and survival strategies adopted by the Dalit groups in the northern part of Bangladesh. Objective: The article aims to reveal the experience of Dalit groups in Bangladesh, whose stories of both suffering and resilience while restricted by social isolation and lockdown during the Covid–19 pandemic remain largely untold.Methods: The study used a mixed-method approach. Quantitative analysis is based on 80 respondents to a semi-structured questionnaire distributed equally between Rabidas and Patni Dalit groups in northern Bangladesh. Qualitative analysis is based on data collected from 8 focus groups, 4 key informant interviews, 10 life experience case studies, and 2 in-depth interviews. Survey responses were analysed using SPSS software and a content analysis framework was used for qualitative data. Results: Half of Rabidas community members in Saidpur continue to ply their traditional trade of repairing shoes and are locally known as muchis or cobblers; the vast majority of Patni respondents continue to make a living out of crafting traditional bamboo products. Both communities live hand-to-mouth and earn 100–500 BDT (1–5 euros) per day. During the lockdown period, no one was allowed to go outside and the earnings of many decreased to less than 50 BDT. Specifically, during the first lockdown, the income of 47.5 per cent of Rabidas respondents decreased from at least 100 BDT per day to less than 50 BDT per day, and 75 per cent of Patni respondents, all of whom had earned at least 150 before the lockdown, reported an income of 101–150 BDT per day. 62.5 per cent of Rabidas and 60 per cent of Patni respondents were limited to a weekly expenditure of 151–200 BDT, which is insufficient to fulfil a family’s minimum requirements. Government funds and relief packages did not come their way. 75 per cent of Rabidas and 100 per cent of Patnis were unable to access humanitarian relief during the pandemic. Even though civil society members and some volunteer organisations helped them during the first lockdown, they were mostly absent during the second. After the first lockdown was relaxed, their earnings suffered because few people came to the market; all Bangladeshis were trying to save money. Consequently, Rabidas and Patni incomes decreased drastically even as the prices of all necessities hiked up. 72.5 per cent of families had shortages and 51.5 per cent faced difficulties in bearing the cost of treating other diseases. 66.2 per cent of families could not afford to put meat and fish on their plates, 57.5 per cent eliminated extra family expenditures, and 25 per cent bought less food, even after borrowing from relatives, accepting NGO loans and buying through credit at shops. Borrowing money from family and friends was not always an option, as nobody had a surplus. Lack of lobbying (97 %) was stated as the main cause of not getting the allocated amount of government support during this humanitarian crisis. They did, however, develop some coping mechanisms to survive. Conclusion: An equitable and inclusive distribution system and a special corona package for the marginal Dalit groups can help Rabidas and Patnis recover from their damaged livelihood

Estimating Revenue Losses Evolve from Tax Evasions in Bangladesh:

This empirical study estimates the revenue losses derived from different categories of taxpayers who used Self-assessment System (SAS) under direct taxation in Bangladesh. Even though a small portion of populations live in urban areas (over 80 percent live in rural areas) that used the SAS in filing tax-returns, they significantly contributed to the problem. Revenue loss due to these taxpayers’ noncompliance with laws of income is a growing problem where the past five year (2000-2004) data statistics suggested that the Private Ltd Companies and Public Ltd Companies contributed significantly to accelerating the problem. With governmental ongoing various measures including the provision of SAS that was designed to encourage taxpayers for compliance, the tax-evasion issue in Bangladesh is critical and it deserves attention without delay.

Domestic Violence Against Women in Bangladesh: Nature, Reasons and Policy Guidelines

Domestic violence is a pattern of assault and coercive behavior including physical, sexual and psychological attacks, by a person against his/her own intimate partner. Women are more frequently the victims. Domestic violence against women in Bangladesh is a major social problems and barriers to national development. In a patriarchal society like Bangladesh woman always remain subordinate to male and sometimes become victim of repression. This article provides a scenario of different forms of domestic violence against women. As well as reasons of domestic violence i.e., social, cultural, traditional, religion, economical, legal and psychological were also explored and some policy guidelines have been suggested. Keywords: Domestic Violence, Woman, Empowerment, Bangladesh DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-8-02 Publication date: April 30th 202

Dynamics of Tobin’s Q and US Stock Performance

To study the dynamic effects of changes in Tobin’Q on stock prices of selected 249 US public companies of different industry categories. Panel unit roots tests and cointegration tests are implemented. Next, DOLS and GMM models are estimated. Annual data for the 2004-2012 period are used for the above selected US companies. Panel unit root tests provide somewhat mixed evidence of non-stationarity of both variables. There is clear evidence of cointegration between the above variables. The negative coefficient of the error-correction term shows convergence toward long-run equilibrium, though at slow pace. The estimates also reveal shortrun net positive interactive feedback effects between the variables. Both DOLS and GMM estimates display similar picture of overvaluation of stocks in terms of upward movement in Tobin’s Q beyond 0-to-1 range. For most parts of the sample period, the US stock market was in declining mode due to heightening of economic uncertainties during the Great Recession and several years beyond. Tobin’s Q should be improved to boost stock prices. This is more of a long-run phenomenon. In the short run, both reinforce each other. The topic is unique and the existing literature on this topic is scant. Relatively new econometric techniques have been applied for estimation using panel data. The results are quite insightful, in our view

Dynamics Of Stock Market Return Volatility: Evidence From The Daily Data Of India And Japan

This paper studies the dynamics of stock market return volatility of India and Japan. The TGARCH-M model is implemented. These markets are impacted asymmetrically by bad news and good news. The return volatility persists in both countries

Contributions of Agriculture, SMEs and Non-SMEs toward Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh

This paper studies the contributions of bank-based financing to agriculture, SMEs and non-SMEs in the overall poverty reduction in Bangladesh. Annual data are used from 1980 to 2015. ARDL bounds testing approach is applied for evidence of cointegration among the variables and VECM is subsequently estimated. The empirical results show that financing of non-SMEs significantly reduces overall poverty in the long run. To this effect, SMEs play a marginal role in the current state of affairs. In contrast, agricultural financing reveals, otherwise