1,387 research outputs found
First report of web blight on toothache plant caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HG-I in Italy
A Sublinear Variance Bound for Solutions of a Random Hamilton Jacobi Equation
We estimate the variance of the value function for a random optimal control
problem. The value function is the solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi
equation with random Hamiltonian
in dimension . It is known that homogenization occurs as , but little is known about the statistical fluctuations of .
Our main result shows that the variance of the solution is bounded
by . The proof relies on a modified Poincar\'e
inequality of Talagrand
Influence of different biological control agents and compost on total and nitrification-driven microbial communities at rhizosphere and soil level in a lettuce - Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae pathosystem
Meadow sage (Salvia pratensis L.): A neglected sage species with valuable phenolic compounds and biological potential
Mechanochemical Solvent-Free Catalytic CâH Methylation
The mechanochemical, solvent-free, highly regioselective, rhodium-catalyzed C-H methylation of (hetero)arenes is reported. The reaction shows excellent functional-group compatibility and is demonstrated to work for the late-stage C-H methylation of biologically active compounds. The method requires no external heating and benefits from considerably shorter reaction times than previous solution-based C-H methylation protocols. Additionally, the mechanochemical approach is shown to enable the efficient synthesis of organometallic complexes that are difficult to generate conventionally
Correlation of computed tomography with carotid plaque transcriptomes associates calcification with lesion-stabilization
Background and aims: Unstable carotid atherosclerosis causes stroke, but methods to identify patients and lesions at
risk are lacking. We recently found enrichment of genes associated with calcification in carotid plaques from asymptomatic patients. Here, we hypothesized that calcification represents a stabilising feature of plaques and investigated how macro-calcification, as estimated by computed tomography (CT), correlates with gene expression profiles in lesions.
Methods: Plaque calcification was measured in pre-operative CT angiographies. Plaques were sorted into high- and lowcalcified, profiled with microarrays, followed by bioinformatic analyses. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were performed to evaluate the findings in plaques and arteries with medial calcification from chronic kidney disease patients.
Results: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers were upregulated in high-calcified plaques and calcified plaques
from symptomatic patients, whereas macrophage markers were downregulated. The most enriched processes in
high-calcified plaques were related to SMCs and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, while inflammation,
lipid transport and chemokine signaling were repressed. These findings were confirmed in arteries with high
medial calcification. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) was identified as the most upregulated gene in association with
plaque calcification and found in the ECM, SMA+ and CD68+/TRAP + cells.
Conclusions: Macro-calcification in carotid lesions correlated with a transcriptional profile typical for stable
plaques, with altered SMC phenotype and ECM composition and repressed inflammation. PRG4, previously not
described in atherosclerosis, was enriched in the calcified ECM and localized to activated macrophages and
smooth muscle-like cells. This study strengthens the notion that assessment of calcification may aid evaluation of
plaque phenotype and stroke risk.The European Unionâs Horizon 2020/Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 722609 (INTRICARE);Swedish Heart and Lung FoundationSwedish Research Council (K2009-65X-2233-01-3, K2013- 65X-06816-30-4, 349-2007-8703)Uppdrag Besegra Stroke (P581/ 2011-123)Stockholm County Council (ALF2011-0260, ALF-2011- 0279)Swedish Society for Medical ResearchTore Nilssonâs FoundationMagnus Bergvallâs FoundationKarolinska Institutet FoundationEuropean Commission (722609)Publishe
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