Diccionario filológico-comparado de la lengua castellana / por M. Calandrelli

12 v. ; 30 c

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in the Southern Cone of Latin America

BACKGROUND Hypertension is the leading global preventable risk factor for premature death. While hypertension prevalence has been declining in high-income countries, it has increased continuously in low- and middle- income countries. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 7,524 women and men aged 35-74 years from randomly selected samples in 4 cities (Bariloche and Marcos Paz, Argentina; Temuco, Chile; and Pando-Barros Blancos, Uruguay) in 2010-2011. Three blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained by trained observers using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg and/or use of antihypertensive medications. RESULTS An estimated 42.5% of the study population (46.6% of men and 38.7% of women) had hypertension and an estimated 32.5% (36.0% of men and 29.4% of women) had prehypertension. Approximately 63.0% of adults with hypertension (52.5% of men and 74.3% of women) were aware of their disease condition, 48.7% (36.1% of men and 62.1% of women) were taking prescribed medications to lower their BP, and only 21.1% of all hypertensive patients (13.8% of men and 28.9% of women) and 43.3% of treated hypertensive patients (38.1% of men and 46.5% of women) achieved BP control. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the prevalence of hypertension is high while awareness, treatment, and control are low in the general population in the Southern Cone of Latin America. These data call for bold actions at regional and national levels to implement effective, practical, and sustainable intervention programs aimed to improve hypertension prevention, detection, and control.Fil: Rubinstein, Adolfo Luis. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Irazola, Vilma. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Calandrelli, Matias. Sanatorio San Carlos, San Carlos de Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Chung-Shiuan, Chen. Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Department of Epidemiology; Estados UnidosFil: Gutierrez, Laura. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Lanas, Fernando. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Manfredi, Jose A.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Mores, Nora. Municipalidad de Marcos Paz, Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Poggio, Rosana. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ponzo, Jacqueline. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Seron, Pamela. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Bazzano, Lydia A.. Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Department of Epidemiology; Estados UnidosFil: He, Jiang. Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Department of Epidemiology; Estados Unido

Prevalence, Distributions and Determinants of Obesity and Central Obesity in the Southern Cone of America.

Obesity is a major determinant of cardiovascular disease in South America. However, population-based data are limited.A total of 7,524 women and men, aged 35 to 74 years old, were randomly selected from 4 cities in the Southern Cone of Latin America between February 2010 and December 2011. Obesity clinical measurements and cardiovascular risk factors were measured using standard methodology.The prevalence of obesity and central obesity were 35.7% and 52.9%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity and central obesity were higher in women, and even higher in women with lower education compared with women with higher education. In men and women obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes, odds ratio (OR) 2.38 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.86 to 3.05) and 3.01 (95%CI 2.42 to 3.74) respectively, hypertension (OR 2.79 (95%CI 2.32 to 3.36) and 2.40 (95%CI 2.05 to 2.80) respectively, dyslipidemia (OR 1.83 (95%CI 1.50 to 2.24) and 1.69 (95%CI 1.45 to 1.98), respectively, low physical activity (OR 1.38(95%CI 1.14 to 1.68) and 1.38 (95%CI 1.18 to 1.62) respectively and a lower prevalence of smoking (OR, 0.65 (95%CI 0.53 to 0.80) and 0.58(95%CI 0.48 to 0.70) respectively.Obesity and central obesity are highly prevalent in the general population in the Southern Cone of Latin America and are strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factor prevalence. These data suggest that efforts toward prevention, treatment, and control of obesity should be a public health priority in the Southern Cone of Latin America

Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of risk factors with Obesity and Central Obesity among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.

<p>Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of risk factors with Obesity and Central Obesity among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.</p

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Southern Cone of Latin America

<div><p>Aims</p><p>To determine the prevalence, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as well as associated factors in the adult population of four cities of the Southern Cone of Latin America (SCLA).</p><p>Methods</p><p>This is a cross-sectional population-based study that included 7407 adults between 35 and 74 years old in four cities of the SCLA: Temuco (Chile), Marcos Paz and Bariloche (Argentina), and Pando-Barros Blancos (Uruguay). DM was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or self-reported history of diabetes. Awareness, treatment, and control of DM were defined as subjects self-reporting a DM previous diagnosis, the use of a prescription medication or nonpharmacological intervention for DM, and fasting plasma glucose <126 mg/dl, respectively.</p><p>Results</p><p>Prevalence of DM varied among cities, between 8.4% in Bariloche and 14.3% in Temuco. Prevalence of IFG varied at different sites, from 3.5% in Barros Blancos to 6.8% in Marcos Paz. Of the total number of people with diabetes, 20% were newly diagnosed at the time of the study. Overall, 79.8% of patients with diabetes were aware of their condition. The treatment and control rate were 58.8% and 46.2%, respectively. Older age, family history of diabetes, lower educational attainment, overweight, obesity, central obesity, low physical activity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were all significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The prevalence of DM and IFG in the adult population of the SCLA is high and varies among cities. These conditions represent a public health challenge since the rates of awareness, treatment, and control are still low.</p></div

Estimated prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.

<p>Estimated prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.</p

Awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.

<p>Awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.</p

Univariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of risk factors with Obesity and Central Obesity among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.

<p>Univariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of risk factors with Obesity and Central Obesity among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.</p

Cardio-metabolic risk factors in subjects with diabetes among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.

<p>Vertical lines indicate 95% confidence intervals.</p

Estimated prevalence of risk factors by BMI and Central Obesity among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.

<p>Estimated prevalence of risk factors by BMI and Central Obesity among adults aged 35–74 years in the Southern Cone of Latin America.</p