Frontal dynamics of a buoyancy‐driven coastal current : quantifying buoyancy, wind, and isopycnal tilting influence on the Nova Scotia Current

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123 (2018): 4988-5003, doi:10.1029/2017JC013338.The focus of this study is on the relative roles of winds and buoyancy in driving the Nova Scotia Current (NSC) utilizing detailed hydrographic glider transects along the Halifax Line. We define a Hydrographic Wind Index (HWI) using a simplistic two‐layer model to represent the NSC and its frontal system. The HWI is based on local characteristics of the density front extracted from the glider data (e.g., frontal slope). The impact of wind‐driven isopycnal tilting on the frontal slope is estimated and corrected for to accurately scale the buoyancy‐driven component of the NSC. Observations from independent current profilers deployed across the NSC confirm that the HWI captures the low‐frequency variability of the NSC. The monthly wind‐driven flow is estimated to represent between 1.0% (±0.1%) and 48% (±1%) of the total alongshore currents, with a yearly mean of about 36% (±1%). We demonstrate that using local conditions is more appropriate to the study of buoyancy‐driven currents ranging over distances on the order of urn:x-wiley:jgrc:media:jgrc22972:jgrc22972-math-0001(100 km), compared to the traditional approach based on upstream conditions. Contrary to the traditional approach, the HWI is not affected by the advective time lag associated with the downshelf propagation of the buoyant water coming from the upstream source. However, the HWI approach requires high‐resolution data sets, as errors on the estimates of the buoyancy‐ and wind‐driven flows become large as the sampling resolution decreases. Despite being data intensive, we argue that the HWI is also applicable to multisource currents, where upstream conditions are difficult to define.Ocean Tracking Network (OTN) Grant Number: 375118-08; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Innovation Grant Number: 13011; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Grant Number: 871-2009-0001; University in Bergen through the POME exchange program2019-01-2

Extending the Clapper-Yule model to rough printing supports

The Clapper-Yule model is the only classical spectral reflection model for halftone prints that takes explicitly into account both the multiple internal reflections between the print-air interface and the paper substrate and the lateral propagation of light within the paper bulk. However, the Clapper-Yule model assumes a planar interface and does not take into account the roughness of the print surface. In order to extend the Clapper-Yule model to rough printing supports (e.g., matte coated papers or calendered papers), we model the print surface as a set of randomly oriented microfacets. The influence of the shadowing effect is evaluated and incorporated into the model. By integrating over all incident angles and facet orientations, we are able to express the internal reflectance of the rough interface as a function of the rms facet slope. By considering also the rough interface transmittances both for the incident light and for the emerging light, we obtain a generalization of the Clapper-Yule model for rough interfaces. The comparison between the classical Clapper-Yule model and the model extended to rough surfaces shows that the influence of the surface roughness on the predicted reflectance factor is small. For high-quality papers such as coated and calendered papers, as well as for low-quality papers such as newsprint or copy papers, the influence of surface roughness is negligible, and the classical Clapper-Yule model can be used to predict the halftone-print reflectance factors. The influence of roughness becomes significant only for very rough and thick nondiffusing coatings. © 2005 Optical Society of America

Habiter le dedans et le dehors : la maison ou l’Eden rêvé et recréé

Avec pour hypothèse commune que la montée actuelle de la « question habitante » dans les sociétés post industrielles oblige à mettre au centre de l’investigation : . le point de vue de l’individu habitant, à partir duquel il faut tenter de définir les « cultures de la nature », les représentations de la valeur des lieux, les catégories par lesquelles chaque sujet pense sa « géographicité » ; 2. les catégories de rural et d’urbain rendent possible la mise en évidence des propriétés et des qualités de chaque milieu quel que soit le pays d'Europe concerné. Les auteurs tentent de dégager des résultats transversaux des récits de lieux de vie obtenus dans leurs terrains spécifiques de recherche. Ils aboutissent à une problématique collective et à une méthodologie à mettre en place pour approfondir ce qu’habiter veut dire aujourd’hui dans les représentations et les pratiques des ruraux et des urbains. La contradiction entre le chez soi pensé et pratiqué comme « espace refuge » ou « dedans » et le chez soi vu comme appropriation de l’abord et intégration de la discontinuité du dehors est un principe de distinction fort pour aller vers une typologie des « modes d’habiter ».The authors base their reflection on the common assumption that the growing importance of the “living issue” in post-industrial societies compels them to focus their investigation on: 1) the point of view of the resident, from which they must try to define the “cultures of nature”, the representations of the value of the place and the categories through which each individual relates to his “geographicity”; 2) the categories of the rural and the urban whose confrontation is likely to evidence the qualities and properties of any European-based “milieu”. The authors then synthetise the data provided by the narratives collected in their own fields of investigation. They can thus formulate a common question and methodology in order to reflect on what “living” means today in the representations and practices of country people and city dwellers. The contradiction between the home considered and experienced as a shelter or “inside” and the home seen as an appropriation of the margins and integration of the discontinuity of the “outside” is a strong distinctive principle to head towards a typology of the “ways of living”

Habiter le dedans et le dehors : la maison ou l’Eden rêvé et recréé

Avec pour hypothèse commune que la montée actuelle de la « question habitante » dans les sociétés post industrielles oblige à mettre au centre de l’investigation : . le point de vue de l’individu habitant, à partir duquel il faut tenter de définir les « cultures de la nature », les représentations de la valeur des lieux, les catégories par lesquelles chaque sujet pense sa « géographicité » ; 2. les catégories de rural et d’urbain rendent possible la mise en évidence des propriétés et des qualités de chaque milieu quel que soit le pays d'Europe concerné. Les auteurs tentent de dégager des résultats transversaux des récits de lieux de vie obtenus dans leurs terrains spécifiques de recherche. Ils aboutissent à une problématique collective et à une méthodologie à mettre en place pour approfondir ce qu’habiter veut dire aujourd’hui dans les représentations et les pratiques des ruraux et des urbains. La contradiction entre le chez soi pensé et pratiqué comme « espace refuge » ou « dedans » et le chez soi vu comme appropriation de l’abord et intégration de la discontinuité du dehors est un principe de distinction fort pour aller vers une typologie des « modes d’habiter ».The authors base their reflection on the common assumption that the growing importance of the “living issue” in post-industrial societies compels them to focus their investigation on: 1) the point of view of the resident, from which they must try to define the “cultures of nature”, the representations of the value of the place and the categories through which each individual relates to his “geographicity”; 2) the categories of the rural and the urban whose confrontation is likely to evidence the qualities and properties of any European-based “milieu”. The authors then synthetise the data provided by the narratives collected in their own fields of investigation. They can thus formulate a common question and methodology in order to reflect on what “living” means today in the representations and practices of country people and city dwellers. The contradiction between the home considered and experienced as a shelter or “inside” and the home seen as an appropriation of the margins and integration of the discontinuity of the “outside” is a strong distinctive principle to head towards a typology of the “ways of living”

Construction of a dairy microbial genome catalog opens new perspectives for the metagenomic analysis of dairy fermented products

Microbial communities of traditional cheeses are complex and insufficiently characterized. The origin, safety and functional role in cheese making of these microbial communities are still not well understood. Metagenomic analysis of these communities by high throughput shotgun sequencing is a promising approach to characterize their genomic and functional profiles. Such analyses, however, critically depend on the availability of appropriate reference genome databases against which the sequencing reads can be aligned. We built a reference genome catalog suitable for short read metagenomic analysis using a low-cost sequencing strategy. We selected 142 bacteria isolated from dairy products belonging to 137 different species and 67 genera, and succeeded to reconstruct the draft genome of 117 of them at a standard or high quality level, including isolates from the genera Kluyvera, Luteococcus and Marinilactibacillus, still missing from public database. To demonstrate the potential of this catalog, we analysed the microbial composition of the surface of two smear cheeses and one blue-veined cheese, and showed that a significant part of the microbiota of these traditional cheeses was composed of microorganisms newly sequenced in our study. Our study provides data, which combined with publicly available genome references, represents the most expansive catalog to date of cheese-associated bacteria. Using this extended dairy catalog, we revealed the presence in traditional cheese of dominant microorganisms not deliberately inoculated, mainly Gram-negative genera such as Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis or Psychrobacter immobilis, that may contribute to the characteristics of cheese produced through traditional methods.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-110

Behavioral Impairment and Oxidative Damage Induced by Chronic Application of Nonylphenol

Nonylphenol (NP) is a degradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylates, which are widely used in the production of industrial and consumer surfactants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of NP on the antioxidant capacity and cognitive ability of mice. NP was given orally by gavages at doses of 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1 d−1 for 90 days. The results showed that NP significantly decreased the activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) and at the same time increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in mice brains. Exploration, memory function and ability to learn a novel task were significantly decreased in NP fed mice. These results indicate that chronic high dose of NP exposure has the potential to generate oxidative stress and induce the cognitive impairment in male mice

Orthopaedic Disorders in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: descriptive clinical study of 21 patients

Background Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of hereditary myopathy presenting in adults. This autosomal-dominant systemic disorder is caused by a CTG repeat, demonstrating various symptoms. A mild, classic and congenital form can be distinguished. Often the quality of life is reduced by orthopaedic problems, such as muscle weakness, contractures, foot or spinal deformities, which limit patients’ mobility. The aim of our study was to gather information about the orthopaedic impairments in patients with DM1 in order to improve the medical care of patients, affected by this rare disease. Methods A retrospective clinical study was carried out including 21 patients (11 male and 10 female), all diagnosed with DM1 by genetic testing. All patients were seen during our special consultations for neuromuscular diseases, during which patients were interviewed and examined. We also reviewed surgery reports of our hospitalized patients. Results We observed several orthopaedic impairments: spinal deformities (scoliosis, hyperkyphosis, rigid spine), contractures (of the upper extremities and the lower extremities), foot deformities (equinus deformity, club foot, pes cavus, pes planovalgus, pes cavovarus, claw toes) and fractures. Five patients were affected by pulmonary diseases (obstructive airway diseases, restrictive lung dysfunctions). Twelve patients were affected by cardiac disorders (congenital heart defects, valvular heart defects, conduction disturbances, pulmonary hypertension, cardiomyopathy). Our patients received conservative therapy (physiotherapy, logopaedic therapy, ergotherapy) and we prescribed orthopaedic technical devices (orthopaedic custom-made shoes, insoles, lower and upper leg orthoses, wheelchair, Rehab Buggy). We performed surgery for spinal and foot deformities: the scoliosis of one patient was stabilized and seven patients underwent surgery for correction of foot deformities. Conclusions An orthopaedic involvement in DM1 patients should not be underestimated. The most common orthopaedic impairments are contractures, foot deformities and spinal deformities. Contractures are typically located distally in the lower extremities, but can also occur in the hip or shoulder joints. Foot deformities could be treated with orthopaedic custom-made shoes, orthoses or insoles. Surgery is indicated for severe foot deformities or contractures

Validity and reliability of 3D marker based scapular motion analysis : a systematic review

Methods based on cutaneous markers are the most popular for the recording of three dimensional scapular motion analysis. Numerous methods have been evaluated, each showing different levels of accuracy and reliability. The aim of this review was to report the metrological properties of 3D scapular kinematic measurements using cutaneous markers and to make recommendations based on metrological evidence. A database search was conducted using relevant keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria in 5 databases. 19 articles were included and assessed using a quality score. Concurrent validity and reliability were analyzed for each method. Six different methods are reported in the literature, each based on different marker locations and post collection computations. The acromion marker cluster (AMC) method coupled with a calibration of the scapula with the arm at rest is the most studied method. Below 90–100° of humeral elevation, this method is accurate to about 5° during arm flexion and 7° during arm abduction compared to palpation (average of the 3 scapular rotation errors). Good to excellent within-session reliability and moderate to excellent between-session reliability have been reported. The AMC method can be improved using different or multiple calibrations. Other methods using different marker locations or more markers on the scapula blade have been described but are less accurate than AMC methods. Based on current metrological evidence we would recommend (1) the use of an AMC located at the junction of the scapular spine and the acromion, (2) the use of a single calibration at rest if the task does not reach 90° of humeral elevation, (3) the use of a second calibration (at 90° or 120° of humeral elevation), or multiple calibrations above 90° of humeral elevation

The Ciliogenic Transcription Factor RFX3 Regulates Early Midline Distribution of Guidepost Neurons Required for Corpus Callosum Development

The corpus callosum (CC) is the major commissure that bridges the cerebral hemispheres. Agenesis of the CC is associated with human ciliopathies, but the origin of this default is unclear. Regulatory Factor X3 (RFX3) is a transcription factor involved in the control of ciliogenesis, and Rfx3–deficient mice show several hallmarks of ciliopathies including left–right asymmetry defects and hydrocephalus. Here we show that Rfx3–deficient mice suffer from CC agenesis associated with a marked disorganisation of guidepost neurons required for axon pathfinding across the midline. Using transplantation assays, we demonstrate that abnormalities of the mutant midline region are primarily responsible for the CC malformation. Conditional genetic inactivation shows that RFX3 is not required in guidepost cells for proper CC formation, but is required before E12.5 for proper patterning of the cortical septal boundary and hence accurate distribution of guidepost neurons at later stages. We observe focused but consistent ectopic expression of Fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) at the rostro commissural plate associated with a reduced ratio of GLIoma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 3 (GLI3) repressor to activator forms. We demonstrate on brain explant cultures that ectopic FGF8 reproduces the guidepost neuronal defects observed in Rfx3 mutants. This study unravels a crucial role of RFX3 during early brain development by indirectly regulating GLI3 activity, which leads to FGF8 upregulation and ultimately to disturbed distribution of guidepost neurons required for CC morphogenesis. Hence, the RFX3 mutant mouse model brings novel understandings of the mechanisms that underlie CC agenesis in ciliopathies

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe