BCL-2 Inhibitor ABT-737 effectively targets leukemia-initiating cells with differential regulation of relevant genes leading to extended survival in a NRAS/BCL-2 mouse model of high risk-myelodysplastic syndrome

During transformation, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by reducing apoptosis of bone marrow (BM) precursors. Mouse models of high risk (HR)-MDS and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) post-MDS using mutant NRAS and overexpression of human BCL-2, known to be poor prognostic indicators of the human diseases, were created. We have reported the efficacy of the BCL-2 inhibitor, ABT-737, on the AML post-MDS model; here, we report that this BCL-2 inhibitor also significantly extended survival of the HR-MDS mouse model, with reductions of BM blasts and lineage negative/Sca1+/KIT+ (LSK) cells. Secondary transplants showed increased survival in treated compared to untreated mice. Unlike the AML model, BCL-2 expression and RAS activity decreased following treatment and the RAS:BCL-2 complex remained in the plasma membrane. Exon-specific gene expression profiling (GEP) of HR-MDS mice showed 1952 differentially regulated genes upon treatment, including genes important for the regulation of stem cells, differentiation, proliferation, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis; relevant in human disease. Spliceosome genes, found to be abnormal in MDS patients and downregulated in our HR-MDS model, such as Rsrc1 and Wbp4, were upregulated by the treatment, as were genes involved in epigenetic regulation, such as DNMT3A and B, upregulated upon disease progression and downregulated upon treatment

Charles Drouhet. Tableau chronologique des lettres du poète François Mainard accompagné de lettres inédites. Paris, Champion, 1909

Augé-Chiquet Mathieu. Charles Drouhet. Tableau chronologique des lettres du poète François Mainard accompagné de lettres inédites. Paris, Champion, 1909. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 22, N°87, 1910. pp. 383-384

Charles Drouhet. Le poète François Mainard (1583 ? - 1646). Paris, Champion, 1909

Augé-Chiquet Mathieu. Charles Drouhet. Le poète François Mainard (1583 ? - 1646). Paris, Champion, 1909. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 22, N°87, 1910. pp. 377-382

H. J. Molinier, Essai biographique sur Octovien de Saint-Gelays, évêque d'Angoulême (1468-1502). 1910

Augé-Chiquet Mathieu. H. J. Molinier, Essai biographique sur Octovien de Saint-Gelays, évêque d'Angoulême (1468-1502). 1910. In: Romania, tome 40 n°159, 1911. pp. 466-468

Charles Drouhet. Le poète François Mainard (1583 ? - 1646). Paris, Champion, 1909

Augé-Chiquet Mathieu. Charles Drouhet. Le poète François Mainard (1583 ? - 1646). Paris, Champion, 1909. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 22, N°87, 1910. pp. 377-382

H. J. Molinier, Essai biographique sur Octovien de Saint-Gelays, évêque d'Angoulême (1468-1502). 1910

Augé-Chiquet Mathieu. H. J. Molinier, Essai biographique sur Octovien de Saint-Gelays, évêque d'Angoulême (1468-1502). 1910. In: Romania, tome 40 n°159, 1911. pp. 466-468

FLPCA: A Fused-Lasso based approach to identify footprints of selection in differentiated populations from dense SNP data: applications to human and cattle data

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FLPCA: Une approche fondée sur le "Fused Lasso" et l'ACP pour l'identification de marqueurs influençant la différentiation des populations à partir de données SNP.

International audienceDetection of footprints of selection has been a great research interest in population genetics over the past few years, both in Human and Animal populations. In this work we present two methodological improvements to increase the accuracy of detection of selection signature. First, we show how Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Between-Groups Analysis (BGA), which are very computationally efficient methods to explore large SNP data sets and to characterize population genetic structures, can provide SNP typological values that are related to F-statistics. In a second step, we propose to use the fused Lasso approach to identify significant footprints of selection, taking into account the spatial organization of the SNPs along the chromosomes. Indeed, previously proposed methods are often based on empirical smoothing approaches and until now no clear recommendation was available for the choice of significant threshold for SNP detection. A simulation study both under a neutral model and under selection was performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in terms of detection power and false positive level. As an illustration of the approach, we analyzed human haplotypes sampled from three HapMap populations, and bovine data obtained from a 800K SNP chip

Field efficacy and safety of fluralaner solution for administration in drinking water for the treatment of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestations in commercial flocks in Europe

Abstract Background Welfare concerns, production losses caused by Dermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite (PRM), and widespread mite resistance to environmentally applied acaricides continue to drive an urgent need for new and effective control measures. Fluralaner is a novel systemic acaricide developed to address that need. A series of field studies was initiated to investigate the safety and efficacy of a fluralaner solution (10 mg/ml) administered in drinking water at a dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg on two occasions with a 7-day interval, for treatment of natural PRM infestations in chickens. Methods Blinded, negative-controlled studies were completed in Europe across eight layer, two breeder, and two replacement chicken farms. At each farm, two similar flocks were housed in similar PRM-infested units (either rooms within a building, or separate buildings) varying from 550 to 100,000 birds per unit. One unit at each farm was allocated to fluralaner treatment, administered in drinking water on Days 0 and 7. One unit remained untreated. Mite traps were placed throughout each unit on Days -1, 0 or 1, 3, 6, 9, and 13 or 14, then at weekly or two-weekly intervals, retrieved after 24 h and processed for mite counts. Efficacy at each farm was assessed by mean PRM count reductions from traps in treated units compared with those from control units. Production parameters and safety were also monitored. Results Efficacy was 95.3 to 99.8% on Day 3 and 97.8 to 100% on Day 9, thereafter remaining above 90% for 56 to 238 days after treatment initiation. Post-treatment improvement in egg-laying rate was greater by 0.9 to 12.6% in the treated group at 9 of the 10 layer or breeder farms. There were no treatment-related adverse events. Conclusion Fluralaner administered at 0.5 mg/kg via drinking water twice, 7 days apart, was well tolerated and highly efficacious against the PRM in naturally infested chickens representing a range of production types and management systems. The results indicate that this novel treatment has potential to be the cornerstone of an integrated approach to reducing or eliminating the welfare and productivity costs of this increasingly threatening pest

Field efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto® chewable tablets) for preventing Babesia canis infection transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs

Abstract Background The isoxazoline fluralaner is effective for prevention of Babesia canis transmission from infected Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs for 84 days in a controlled environment. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluralaner chewable tablets for sustained prevention of B. canis infection of dogs in endemic areas under natural conditions. Methods In Europe, privately owned, clinically healthy pet dogs were enrolled and randomized either to receive fluralaner at 25–56 mg/kg (Bravecto® chewable tablets) on days 0 and 84, or to remain untreated during the D. reticulatus season. Blood samples were collected to evaluate B. canis exposure: on days 0 and 21 (exposure before day 0), during the study and at the end of the tick season (dogs suspected of having become infected after day 0). Efficacy was determined by the percentage reduction in B. canis transmission risk based on the difference in B. canis-positive tests in fluralaner-treated dogs compared with untreated dogs. In addition, ticks collected at monthly intervals throughout the study were identified to species level and females tested for B. canis DNA. Results A total of 152 dogs were enrolled in the study, although nine dogs were excluded because they tested positive for B. canis DNA or antibodies within 21 days after enrollment. During the study period, no fluralaner-treated dog became positive for B. canis, resulting in calculated efficacy of 100%. However, babesiosis infection was diagnosed in five untreated control dogs (Fisher’s exact test, left-sided, P = 0.0312). Tick analyses revealed that one sample collected in Hungary was infected with B. canis. Conclusion Oral administration of Bravecto chewable tablets at the recommended dosage to dogs completely prevented B. canis transmission under field conditions in an endemic area for 12 weeks. Graphical Abstrac