Chemistry of Refined oils & its adverse effects on Human Health

Refined edible oils or vegetable oils are manmade oils in which many harmful Petrochemicals are used for refining purposes. Refined oils are not heated stable they degrade to harmful toxic byproducts on heating them for a long time (ex: deep-frying). Most of the plant-based vegetable oils or actually seed oils are high in unsaturated fats and when they are heated up to their smoking point, they tend to oxidize, and generate free radicals, and also change the chemical composition of the oil, and at this stage, it becomes more harmful to our health when we consume it or even inhale its fumes. When we heat certain fats, oils, and fatty meats at very high temperatures like deep frying or barbecuing and stir-frying on very hot surfaces, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHS) may be formed which are extremely carcinogenic. Advanced glycated end products (AGES) are also formed when foods are fried till they become brown in color. These chemicals (PAHS and AGES) are related to enhanced risk of diseases such as Alzheimer\u27s, stroke, cancer, cataracts & heart disease. Most of the vegetable oils are high in Omega6 fatty acids to Omega3 fatty acid content which is a great concern in terms of causation of insulin resistance hyperlipidemia, obesity& cardiovascular diseases. From various studies on refined oil consumers and from various published articles in various journals, reaffirms that sunflower oil is far inferior in reducing Lifestyle diseases like coronary artery disease, based on its poor ability to provide a positive role in improving body mass index. It is proved from the studies that oils rich in Omega 6 fatty acids like sunflower oil increases body fat and may prove detrimental to heart health when compared with other animal fat and other traditional unrefined/cold-pressed cooking oils used in India

Regulation of activin type I receptor function by phosphorylation of residues outside the GS domain

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117133/1/feb2s0014579397014993.pd

Individual differences in the modulation of fear-related brain activation by attentional control

In this article, we consider the extent to which variations in the neural activation associated with fear-related stimuli are obligatory or optional. More specifically, we investigated modulation of activation according to type of encoding operation, and how this relates to individual differences in fearfulness and attentional control. In an fMRI study, fear-related (relative to neutral) pictures preferentially activated many of the regions involved in a hierarchical system responsible for organizing defensive behavior, and differential activation in some of these areas was related to self-reported individual variations in fearfulness. Preferential activation according to type of stimulus persisted to a limited extent even when attention was diverted from its emotional aspects. Importantly, however, encoding tasks involving attention to emotional versus nonemotional attributes of the same pictures revealed a pattern of greater activation during emotional encoding, similar to that differentiating fear-related from neutral stimuli. Again, the degree of modulation varied according to individual differences. We conclude that fear-related pictures can recruit activation in the defensive system even when attention is directed elsewhere, but that the extent of this activation is modulated by attentional control mechanisms. More critically, both differential activation and its modulation by attentional control are related to individual variations in emotional vulnerability, in a manner that conforms to predictions derived from existing theoretical accounts

Correlation between infill percentages, layer width, and mechanical properties in fused deposition modelling of poly-lactic acid 3D printing

The field of additive manufacturing (AM) has seen a transformation in the production of intricate and complex parts for various applications. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), among AM techniques, has garnered significant attention, particularly in fields like fibre-reinforced composites (FRC). In this study, the world of FDM-printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) components is explored, with a focus on how mechanical properties are influenced by infill percentages and layer widths. Through the utilisation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimisation of FDM-PLA 3D printing for a wide range of biomaterial applications is achieved, along with the unveiling of the potential for remarkable improvements in mechanical performance. Notably, a remarkable 91% reduction in surface roughness for PLA composites was achieved, accompanied by an impressive 25.6% and 34.1% enhancement in the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of fibre-reinforced PLA composites, respectively. This work, positioned at the crossroads of FDM, lays the groundwork for substantial advancements in the realm of additive manufacturing.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The prevalence of corporal punishment in Australia:Findings from a nationally representative survey

Corporal punishment is associated with adverse outcomes; however, little empirical data exists about the state of corporal punishment in Australia. This paper presents the first national prevalence estimates of experiences of corporal punishment during childhood among Australians and its use as adults by Australian parents and caregivers. We also report community beliefs about the necessity of corporal punishment. Results show corporal punishment remains common in Australia. A high proportion of Australians (62.5%) experienced corporal punishment in childhood, including almost 6 in 10 (58.4%) young people aged 16–24. Approximately half of all parents surveyed (53.7%) had used corporal punishment. A quarter of Australians (26.4%) believe corporal punishment is necessary to raise children, 73.6% do not view it as necessaryThe use of corporal punishment and belief in its necessity are lower among younger people. Findings indicate the experience of corporal punishment remains unacceptably high in Australia but that the use of corporal punishment and beliefs about its necessity may be changing. These findings have significant implications for policy and practice in Australia. Changes in legislation could reduce this form of violence toward children. Relatively low rates of endorsement of the necessity of corporal punishment suggest the Australian community may be receptive to attempts for law reform in this area

Higher Education Exchange:2004

This annual publication serves as a forum for new ideas and dialogue between scholars and the larger public. Essays explore ways that students, administrators, and faculty can initiate and sustain an ongoing conversation about the public life they share.The Higher Education Exchange is founded on a thought articulated by Thomas Jefferson in 1820: "I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform their discretion by education."In the tradition of Jefferson, the Higher Education Exchange agrees that a central goal of higher education is to help make democracy possible by preparing citizens for public life. The Higher Education Exchange is part of a movement to strengthen higher education's democratic mission and foster a more democratic culture throughout American society.Working in this tradition, the Higher Education Exchange publishes interviews, case studies, analyses, news, and ideas about efforts within higher education to develop more democratic societies

A description of some Oregon rocks and minerals

Rocks are defined as aggregates or mixtures of minerals; rocks also include noncrystalline materials such as the natural glasses, and organic material such as coal. Rocks are found ready-made in nature. They are not homogeneous nor are they crystalline, although they may be made up of crystalline material. The composition of a rock cannot be expressed by a chemical formula except for a few instances in which rocks are made up of a single mineral, as in the case of limestone.Revised 1986. Reprinted August 2006. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

RNAG: a new Gibbs sampler for predicting RNA secondary structure for unaligned sequences

Motivation: RNA secondary structure plays an important role in the function of many RNAs, and structural features are often key to their interaction with other cellular components. Thus, there has been considerable interest in the prediction of secondary structures for RNA families. In this article, we present a new global structural alignment algorithm, RNAG, to predict consensus secondary structures for unaligned sequences. It uses a blocked Gibbs sampling algorithm, which has a theoretical advantage in convergence time. This algorithm iteratively samples from the conditional probability distributions P(Structure | Alignment) and P(Alignment | Structure). Not surprisingly, there is considerable uncertainly in the high-dimensional space of this difficult problem, which has so far received limited attention in this field. We show how the samples drawn from this algorithm can be used to more fully characterize the posterior space and to assess the uncertainty of predictions

Towards a Synthesis of Core-Collapse Supernova Theory

New insights into the mechanism and character of core--collapse supernova explosions are transforming the approach of theorists to their subject. The universal realization that the direct hydrodynamic mechanism does not work and that a variety of hydrodynamic instabilities can influence the viability of theoretical explosions has ushered in a new era in supernova modeling. In this paper, I discuss the important physical and technical issues that remain. I review the neutrino--driven mechanism, the possible roles of Rayleigh--Taylor instabilities, questions in neutrino transport, and the various observational constraints within which theorists must operate. However, a consensus has yet to be achieved among active workers concerning many important details and some essential phenomenology. This synopsis is meant to accomplish two things: 1) to focus attention on the interesting problems whose resolution will bring needed progress, and 2) to assess the current status of the theoretical art.Comment: Eighteen Pages, Elsevier Elsart LaTeX format, no figures, to appear in Nucl. Phys. A, as a contribution to the Festschrift in honor of Gerald E. Brown's 70'th Birthday. PostScript version available from [email protected]