Dental pain in homeless adults in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Objective To evaluate the association of dental pain with time living on the street in a sample of homeless people in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with homeless people who accessed social services in 2017. A questionnaire was administered covering socioeconomic variables and including questions about general health, use of tobacco/alcohol/drugs, use of dental services and history of dental pain. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was calculated in an oral examination. The association between socioeconomic characteristics, health status, time of homelessness and dental pain was evaluated using chi-square, t-, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results A total sample of 214 homeless people was surveyed. Most were male (76.2%), had a low level of education (67.6%) and experienced many episodes of dental pain during life (91.0%). The last episode of pain was moderate or intense (79.7%) and do-it-yourself measures for pain relief were preferred (62.3%). Individuals who were homeless for longer than 1 year had more dental pain in the past (P < 0.001), more frequency of a recent episode of dental pain (P = 0.03), and sought a dentist or healthcare service to relieve pain less frequently (P = 0.03). Conclusions Dental pain is frequent in the context of homelessness and does not necessarily result in seeking dental services, even where there is universal oral health care

Measurement of Sugar Cane Chain in Brazil

Despite the historical importance of the sugarcane business in Brazil, which is as old in the country as its colonization, it has never been "photographed in widescreen". This research on the mapping and quantification of business generated in the sugarcane chain in 2008 for the first time gives the scale of the entire sugarcane productive chain in Brazil. The sector now shows the numbers that indicate the industry's role in building the country's GDP, as well as in job creation, tax generation, and the distribution (capillary) of economic activities. By applying the method Strategic Management of Agro-Systems (GESIS), developed by the first author, Professor Marcos Fava Neves, coordinator of the Marketing & Strategic Projects and Research Center, USP (MARKESTRAT), it was found that the sugarcane sector GDP is around $28.1 billion USD, equivalent to almost 2% of the Brazilian GDP or almost all of the income generated in a year in a country like Uruguay. The majority of the industry's inputs are local, explaining its favorable trade balance situation. A series of new products has become increasingly more important and a major transformation is going on in this sector that has one of the oldest and, at the same time, most modern plants with regard to clean energy on the planet.chain mapping, chain quantification, agro-industry system, sugar cane sector, ethanol, sugar, Crop Production/Industries, Industrial Organization,

SenE

SenE Written by: Hilaria Cruz & Mary Griffin Illustrated by: Matheus Bruno Neveshttps://ir.library.louisville.edu/chatino/1003/thumbnail.jp

Avaliação de necessidades : desenvolvimento de intervenções psicossociais com pessoas LGBTI+

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura, 2019.A LGBTIfobia está presente nas estruturas sociais que delineiam as possibilidades de ser e estar em sociedade. A constituição das sexualidades não normativas (gênero-sexodiversas) está atravessada pelos pressupostos dos papéis de gênero, produzidos e interpretados socialmente sob a visão do patriarcado. Frente às consequências que o preconceito ocasiona na vida de pessoas LGBTI+, desde o processo de autodescoberta, até o acesso formal ao mercado de trabalho, é preciso qualificar o conteúdo relacional destes elementos sob uma ótica funcional: o que pode ser feito? Respondendo a esta pergunta, este trabalho se propôs a realizar uma Avaliação de Necessidades, um instrumento metodológico que pode acessar os determinantes que influenciam os problemas que afetam a população, sua frequência e intensidade e os fatores psicossociais que impactam seu contexto. Para alcançar este objetivo, o trabalho apresenta um percurso que foi pensado e adaptado a luz do framework EPIS (Exploração, Preparação, Implementação e Sustentação), em que os artigos e projetos paralelos materializam as etapas de Exploração. O primeiro artigo se pauta em uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre intervenções psicossociais desenvolvidas para melhorar a qualidade de vida de pessoas LGBTI+, em que se utilizam modelos ou técnicas de avaliação de processo e/ou resultado. Os resultados mostraram uma utilização escassa destas ferramentas em intervenções no Brasil, ao mesmo tempo que expressam a eficácia em intervenções que conseguiram mapear as relações dinâmicas entre os pressupostos da intervenção e seus possíveis resultados. O segundo artigo, teve como objetivo investigar a realidade social onde ocorrem serviços específicos pra população LGBTI+, utilizando os pressupostos do Intervention Mapping Approach, para encontrar potencialidades e possíveis ameaças aos serviços prestados. Seis profissionais da rede assistencial do Distrito Federal responderam a um questionário on-line sobre especificidades do serviço, sobre métodos utilizados, design das intervenções, teorias, resultados e avaliações. Os resultados foram interpretados utilizando a análise de conteúdo de Minayo, que demonstraram uma pluralidade na forma em que se desenvolvem e executam os serviços assistenciais para minorias sexuais no DF, em que a manutenção constante das informações e disposições dos serviços da rede fundamentam sua plena execução. O terceiro artigo contempla outra etapa da avaliação de necessidades, em formato de grupo focal: a escuta das narrativas de pessoas LGBTI+ sobre aspectos que atravessaram sua socialização e como estes impactaram em sua qualidade de vida. A análise destes dados foi produzida sob a perspectiva do Construcionismo Social, em que a promoção do diálogo no processo de coleta possibilitou enriquecimento na produção e interpretação dos dados qualitativos. Os dados apontam a centralidade que a rede afetiva e social têm como promotoras de saúde e segurança para minorias sexuais. A ativação de aliados em outros espaços, para além do movimento social, permite a construção de pontes para o trânsito destas identidades em espaços centrais de poder e discurso. A emancipação social desta população precisa ser pensada em conjunto com outros atores, igualmente responsáveis no aprimoramento da qualidade de vida de pessoas LGBTI+.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).LGBTIphobia is present in the social structures that outline the possibilities of being and being in society. The constitution of non-normative sexualities (gender-sexdiverses) is traversed by the presuppositions of gender roles, produced and interpreted socially under the patriarchal vision. In the face of the consequences that prejudice causes in the life of LGBTI + people, from the process of self-discovery to formal access to the labor market, it is necessary to qualify the relational content of these elements from a functional perspective: what can be done? Responding to this question, this paper proposes to perform a Needs Assessment, a methodological tool that can access the determinants that influence the problems that affect the population, their frequency, intensity, and the psychosocial factors that impact their context. In order to achieve this objective, the work presents a course that was designed and adapted to the light of the EPIS (Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainability) framework, in which parallel articles and projects materialize the Exploration stages. The first article is based on a systematic review of the literature on psychosocial interventions developed to improve the quality of life of LGBTI + people, using models or techniques for process and/or outcome evaluation. The results showed a scarce use of these tools in interventions in Brazil, while expressing the effectiveness in interventions that managed to map the dynamic relationships between the assumptions of the intervention and its possible results. The second article aimed to investigate the social reality where specific services for the LGBTI + population occur, using the assumptions of the Intervention Mapping Approach, to find potentialities and possible threats to the services provided. Six professionals of the assistance network of the Federal District answered an online questionnaire about service specificities, methods used, design of interventions, theories, results and evaluations. The results were interpreted using Minayo's content analysis, which demonstrated a plurality in the way in which the social services for sexual minority in the DF are developed and executed, in which the constant maintenance of the information and provisions of the network serve as basis for their full implementation. The third article contemplates another stage of the needs assessment, in a focus group format: listening to the narratives of LGBTI + people about aspects that have crossed their socialization and how they impacted on their quality of life. The analysis of these data was produced from the perspective of Social Constructionism, in which the promotion of dialogue in the collection process allowed enrichment in the production and interpretation of qualitative data. The data indicate the centrality that the affective and social network have as promoters of health and safety for sexual minorities. The activation of allies in other spaces, besides the social movement, allows the construction of bridges for the transit of these identities in central spaces of power and discourse. The social emancipation of this population needs to be thought together with other actors, equally responsible for improving the quality of life of LGBTI + people

Tratamento odontológico disponível e sua associação com a satisfação com os serviços de atenção primária à saúde acessados por idosos

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar se a presença de equipes de saúde bucal nas unidades de atenção primária à saúde do SUS está associada a maior satisfação com o serviço acessado. Material e método: Neste estudo, de delineamento transversal, entrevistaram-se 401 idosos nos distritos Lomba do Pinheiro e Partenon em Porto Alegre, selecionados através de um processo amostral por conglomerados, a partir do sorteio de setores censitários. Resultado: A Regressão de Poisson demonstrou que as variáveis idade e oferta de tratamento odontológico se mantiveram associadas com o desfecho, já as variáveis idade, número de dentes e presença de tratamento odontológico estiveram associados com maiores prevalências à satisfação com o serviço de saúde. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados trazem novas contribuições para a qualificação do SUS, uma vez que o estudo demonstra a necessidade de valorizar e integrar as equipes de saúde bucal às equipes de APS, pois traz evidências da associação entre a presença da equipe de saúde bucal e a satisfação dos usuários idosos com o serviço de saúde acessado.Objective: This research evaluated whether having dental treatment available in the primary health care centers of the Brazilian Unified Health System was associated with greater satisfaction with the services accessed. The offering of dental care within the health service that elders usually access may improve their satisfaction with the services as a whole. Material and method: In this cross-sectional study, 401 elders living in the districts of Lomba do Pinheiro and Partenon in Porto Alegre, Brazil were interviewed. Elders were selected using a cluster sampling design process from census tract drawings. Result: Poisson Regression revealed that age and dental treatment supply were associated with outcome, and age, number of teeth, and the presence of dental treatment were associated with a higher prevalence of satisfaction with health services. Conclusion: These results provide new contributions for health system qualification because this study demonstrated the importance of having dental treatment available to improve the satisfaction of older people with the Primary Health Care (PHC) services accessed

EFEITOS DA ADIÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL NOS CUSTOS DAS CAMADAS ESTRUTURAIS DO PAVIMENTO

The generation of solid waste in civil construction, as well as its final destination, are increasingly debated topics. Generally, discarded residues promote the emergence of disease vectors, harm the environment, and undermine the socioeconomic development of the region. With this, the recycling of these wastes and their application in the construction industry are arousing more and more interest. One of the most widespread applications for construction waste is its use as an aggregate for soil reinforcement used as a base and sub base for flexible pavements. Thus, this article aims to analyze the influence of the use of construction waste (CCW) on the costs related to the structural layers of pavements. For the cost analysis, four pavement structures were designed according to the National Transport Infrastructure Department method, considering the use of soil-residue in two of them. Cost analysis shows the use of CCW as an extremely economically viable alternative.A geração de resíduos sólidos na construção civil bem como sua destinação final são temas a cada dia mais debatidos. Geralmente, os resíduos descartados propiciam o surgimento de vetores de doenças, agridem o meio ambiente e prejudicam o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da região. Com isso, a reciclagem destes resíduos e sua aplicação na construção civil vêm despertando cada vez mais interesse. Uma das aplicações mais difundidas para os resíduos de construção civil é a utilização como agregado para o reforço de solos utilizados como base e sub-base para pavimentos flexíveis. Desta forma, o presente artigo objetiva analisar a influência da utilização dos resíduos de construção civil (RCC)nos custos referentes as camadas estruturais dos pavimentos. Para a análise de custos, foram projetadas quatro estruturas de pavimento segundo o método do departamento nacional de infraestrutura de transportes (DNIT), contemplando a utilização de solo-resíduo em duas delas. A análise de custos mostra a utilização de RCC como uma alternativa extremamente viável sob o ponto de vista econômico.

Primary dental healthcare in Brazil : the work process of oral health teams

A garantia de atenção odontológica passa pelo desenvolvimento de práticas pautadas na vigilância em saúde, a fim de concretizar a integralidade. Objetivou-se avaliar a associação entre aspectos contextuais dos municípios brasileiros, características do processo de trabalho e a realização de um rol de procedimentos odontológicos curativos pelas equipes de saúde bucal (ESB). Trata-se de estudo exploratório transversal cuja coleta multicêntrica de dados se deu em 11.374 ESB avaliadas pelo Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Foi empregada regressão de Poisson multinível para obtenção da prevalência de realização de procedimentos odontológicos curativos, que foi de 69,51%. As variáveis contextuais e da equipe de saúde que se mantiveram associadas ao desfecho incluíram municípios cuja proporção de internações sensíveis à atenção básica foi menor que 28% e cuja proporção de exodontias foi menor que 8%; bem como ESB de modalidade II que tinham à disposição materiais, insumos e melhores processos de trabalho. Esta análise multinível, que considera o desempenho da atenção odontológica curativa no Brasil, aponta para um cenário de atenção odontológica preocupante.Ensuring access to dental care services requires the development of healthsurveillance practices to ensure comprehensive health care. The objective of this study was toinvestigate the association between social and economic indicators of Brazilian municipalities, work process characteristics, and performance of a list of curative dental procedures by oral health teams. It involved an exploratory, cross-sectional study withmulticenter data collection from 11,374 oral health teams assessed by the National Program for Improvement of Access to and Quality of Primary Healthcare. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to obtain the prevalence of curative dental procedures, which was 69.51%. The social/economic and work variables that remained associated with the outcome included municipalities in which the proportion of primary care-sensitive admissions was below 28% and that of tooth extractions below 8%; and oral health teams classified as type II (including oral health assistant and technician) that had different materials available and better work processes. This multilevel analysis, which took into consideration the performance of curative dental care in Brazil, reveals a worrying oral healthcare scenario

Integrality, absenteeism and resolubility of specialized care for pediatric patients : a cross-sectional study

Dental Specialties Centers (CEOs) are clinics representing part of the secondary oral health care system of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Pediatric dentistry is not a requirement for service accreditation. However, the CEO of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (CEO-UFRGS) has provided dental care for children aged 3–11 years since 2017. The utilization rates of health services are influenced by absenteeism. Therefore, evaluation of absences for dental appointments is of primary importance. This study aimed to evaluate referral characteristics, absenteeism, and resolubility of pediatric dentistry appointments at the CEO-UFRGS. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dental Teaching Hospital of the university and analyzed secondary data from referrals and medical records. From August 2017 to December 2019, 167 referrals and 96 medical records were reviewed, from which data of individual variables related to the referral process and treatment were collected. Data were collected by a single trained examiner and analyzed using SPSS software. The main reasons for referral to secondary care were dental caries and pulpal or periapical diseases associated with difficult-to-manage behavior. An absenteeism rate of 28.1% at the first pediatric dental visit and a resolution rate of 65.6% were found. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that each day of waiting for specialized care resulted in a 0.3% of higher chance of absence for appointment. This also increased the chance by 0.7% in child who attended the first visit to complete treatment, suggesting that the waiting time for attendance was associated with absenteeism and resolubility. Public policies that expand providing child dental care in secondary care are recommended to improve access to and resolubility of services