Hatching of Sod Webworm Eggs in Relation to Low and High Temperatures

Eggs of 12 species of sod webworm were exposed for various periods to temperatures of 0, 10, and 45°C. Hatchability was compared with control eggs kept at 25°C. Short exposures to any temperature did not significantly affect percent hatch. Prolonged exposure resulted in a significant decrease in hatchability for several species at 0° and for all species at 45°C. There was a significant difference in hatchability between the 3 generations of Crambus teterrellus (Zincken) and of Pediasia trisecta (Walker) at extreme temperatures. Populations of Agriphila ruricolella (Zeller), collected at 2 elevations, differed significantly in hatching percentage and developmental rate

Hatching of Sod Webworm Eggs in Relation to Low Temperatures

Eggs of Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zeller), Crambus pascuellus floridus (Zeller), and Pediasia trisecta (Walker) were exposed to temperatures of 25, 15, 10, 4, and –10°C. Only those of P. trisecta hatched after exposure to 4°C for 30 days, while none hatched after exposure to –10°C. Eggs of none of the species hatched after exposure to 4 and 10°C for 60 days. Pre-exposure and post-exposure conditioning had no significant effect on percent hatch of P. trisecta eggs, while length of exposure period had a significant effect

Seasonal Abundance and Distribution of Benthic Fauna within a Pond

A Tennessee pond was sampled weekly from June 18 to August 20, 1968, to determine quantitative differences among benthic organisms in sampling depths and dates. Annelids (Oligochaeta), Chironomidae larvae, and Chaoboridae larvae were the dominant organisms collected. Preferred depths existed for each group of organisms. Chaoboridae and Chironomidae exhibited distinct seasonal variations in numbers, with the population decreasing throughout the summer. Chaoboridae were the most and Chironomidae the least numerous of the 3 groups

Chorion Characteristics of Sod Webworm Eggs

The egg chorion was investigated for 15 species of sod webworm moths (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Crambinae) collected in Tennessee. Liquid plastic was used for surface printing of chorion sculpturing. Scanning electron micrographs were utilized in construction of a taxonomic key to eggs of the Crambinae species studied and the characteristics illustrated

Control of Leaf-Feeding Insects on Yellow-Poplar

Yellow-poplar, Liriodendron tulipifera L., also known as the tulip-poplar, is an important source of pulpwood and saw timber, and it is widely used as a shade tree. Numerous insect species attack the foliage of yellow-poplar. In 1965, Odontopus calceatus (Say) was first observed seriously damaging yellow-poplar in Tennessee (Russell and Stanley 1967). Defoliation was so severe at the University of Tennessee Oak Ridge Forest Experiment Station that growth reduction was attributed to this pest (Buckner 1972). In 1967, observations by one of us (E.A.H.) indicated that several other insects attack yellow-poplar leaves during the spring. Infestations of the aphid Macrosiphum liriodendri (Monell) and gall midges, Cecidomyia sp. and Thecodiplosis liriodendri Osten Sachen, were common. Cecidomyia sp. was called tulip vein gall, and T. liriodendri tulip spot gall, by Felt (1940), who described their damage. Since no measures had been determined for their control, a series of tests was conducted to determine the efficacy of various insecticide treatments

The response of Kentucky bluegrass turf to insecticidal treatments

The most common insect pests of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) in Tennessee are sod webworms and white grubs. Attempts to control these insects with insecticides has, at times, resulted in the entire destruction of the lawn by sod webworms. Pass (1965) has shown that applications of aldrin, chlordane, and dieldrin increased the webworm population 2-3 fold. Streu and Vasvary (1966) found the same phenomenon in chinch bug control. Both Pass and Streu believed that this population increase of the target pest may have been related to an interference in some population-limiting mechanism, such as the natural enemies, but neither investigator definitely proved this. In view of the problem that home owners have had after applying insecticides for webworm and grub control, it was decided to conduct a study to determine the overall effects of insecticides on bluegrass. The research reported herein covers only a preliminary phase of that study: the effect of insecticides on botanical composition of a bluegrass turf

A Phase I, First-in-Human Study of GSK2849330, an Anti-HER3 Monoclonal Antibody, in HER3-Expressing Solid Tumors

Background GSK2849330, an anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody that blocks HER3/Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) signaling in cancer cells, is engineered for enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. This phase I, first-in-human, open-label study assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and preliminary activity of GSK2849330 in patients with HER3-expressing advanced solid tumors. Patients and Methods Patients with various tumor types were prospectively selected for HER3 expression by immunohistochemistry; a subset was also screened for NRG1 mRNA expression. In the dose-escalation phase, patients received GSK2849330 1.4-30 mg/kg every 2 weeks, or 3 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg weekly, intravenously (IV). In the dose-expansion phase, patients received 30 mg/kg GSK2849330 IV weekly. Results Twenty-nine patients with HER3-expressing cancers, of whom two expressed NRG1, received GSK2849330 (dose escalation: n = 18, dose expansion: n = 11). GSK2849330 was well tolerated. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The highest dose, of 30 mg/kg weekly, expected to provide full target engagement, was selected for dose expansion. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were mostly grade 1 or 2. The most common AEs were diarrhea (66%), fatigue (62%), and decreased appetite (31%). Dose-proportional plasma exposures were achieved, with evidence of HER3 inhibition in paired tissue biopsies. Of 29 patients, only 1 confirmed partial response, lasting 19 months, was noted in a patient with CD74-NRG1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Conclusion GSK2849330 demonstrated a favorable safety profile, dose-proportional PK, and evidence of target engagement, but limited antitumor activity in HER3-expressing cancers. The exceptional response seen in a patient with CD74-NRG1-rearranged NSCLC suggests further exploration in NRG1-fusion-positive cancers. Implications for Practice This first-in-human study confirms that GSK2849330 is well tolerated. Importantly, across a variety of HER3-expressing advanced tumors, prospective selection by HER3/NRG1 expression alone was insufficient to identify patients who could benefit from treatment with this antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity- and complement-dependent cytotoxicity-enhanced anti-HER3 antibody. The only confirmed durable response achieved was in a patient with CD74-NRG1-rearranged lung cancer. This highlights the potential utility of screening for NRG1 fusions prospectively across tumor types to enrich potential responders to anti-HER3 agents in ongoing trials

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Hatching of Sod Webworm Eggs in Relation to Low Temperatures

Eggs of Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zeller), Crambus pascuellus floridus (Zeller), and Pediasia trisecta (Walker) were exposed to temperatures of 25, 15, 10, 4, and –10°C. Only those of P. trisecta hatched after exposure to 4°C for 30 days, while none hatched after exposure to –10°C. Eggs of none of the species hatched after exposure to 4 and 10°C for 60 days. Pre-exposure and post-exposure conditioning had no significant effect on percent hatch of P. trisecta eggs, while length of exposure period had a significant effect

Hatching of Sod Webworm Eggs in Relation to Low and High Temperatures

Eggs of 12 species of sod webworm were exposed for various periods to temperatures of 0, 10, and 45°C. Hatchability was compared with control eggs kept at 25°C. Short exposures to any temperature did not significantly affect percent hatch. Prolonged exposure resulted in a significant decrease in hatchability for several species at 0° and for all species at 45°C. There was a significant difference in hatchability between the 3 generations of Crambus teterrellus (Zincken) and of Pediasia trisecta (Walker) at extreme temperatures. Populations of Agriphila ruricolella (Zeller), collected at 2 elevations, differed significantly in hatching percentage and developmental rate