Analiza czynników wpływających na wystąpienie padaczki u dzieci

Praca wykonana w Klinice Neurologii Rozwojowej, Katedrze Neurologii

Współczesne leczenie drgawkowego stanu padaczkowego — algorytm leczenia i przegląd piśmiennictwa

The management of status epilepticus (SE) has changed in recent years. Substantial differences exist regarding the definition and time frame of a seizure, which has been operationally defined as lasting for 5 min. Not only have many new intravenous drugs, such as levetiracetam and lacosamide been introduced but other routes of administration, such as intranasal or buccal administration for midazolam, are also being developed. Optimal and successful therapy initiated at the appropriate moment, adequately tailored to the clinical state of the patient, determines the first step in the normalisation of vital functions and leads to the restoration of the physiological homeostatic mechanisms of the organism. The aim of this review is to present the current treatment options for the management of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) that have been widely confirmed as the most effective in clinical trials and approved by the international neurology authorities as the actual therapeutic standards. We also intend to indicate distinct and unequivocal differentiation and therapeutic indications for each phase of CSE, including the precise doses of the related medications, to present practical guidelines for clinicians. The treatment of patients with CSE requires emergency physicians, neurologists and specialists in intensive care to work together to provide optimal care that should be initiated as soon as possible and conducted as a unified procedure to improve neurocritical care in patients who are transferred from the ambulance service, through the emergency department and finally to the neurology department or ICU. Appropriate treatment also involves avoiding mistakes associated with inadequate doses of medications, overdosing a patient or choosing an inappropriate medication.The management of status epilepticus (SE) has changed in recent years. Substantial differences exist regarding the definition and time frame of a seizure, which has been operationally defined as lasting for 5 minutes. Not only have many new intravenous drugs, such as levetiracetam and lacosamide been introduced but other routes of administration, such as intranasal or buccal administration for midazolam, are also being developed. Optimal and successful therapy initiated at the appropriate moment, adequately tailored to the clinical state of the patient, determines the first step in the normalisation of vital functions and leads to the restoration of the physiological homeostatic mechanisms of the organism. The aim of this review is to present the current treatment options for the management of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) that have been widely confirmed as the most effective in clinical trials and approved by the international neurology authorities as the actual therapeutic standards. We also intend to indicate distinct and unequivocal differentiation and therapeutic indications for each phase of CSE, including the precise doses of the related medications, to present practical guidelines for clinicians. The treatment of patients with CSE requires emergency physicians, neurologists and specialists in intensive care to work together to provide optimal care that should be initiated as soon as possible and conducted as a unified procedure to improve neurocritical care in patients who are transferred from the ambulance service, through the emergency department and finally to the neurology department or ICU. Appropriate treatment also involves avoiding mistakes associated with inadequate doses of medications, overdosing a patient or choosing an inappropriate medication

Cognitive functions in myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres – a case report

Introduction. Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF) is a rare, progressive mitochondrial disease affecting multiple systems, including the central nervous system. Typical MERRF symptoms include: myoclonus, epileptic seizures, ataxia and cognitive decline. In mitochondrial diseases selective cognitive impairment or generalized decline, called mitochondrial dementia, is usually diagnosed

Nystagmus – eye joke or pathological sign (case of voluntary nystagmus)

Oczopląs umyślny (ang. voluntary nystagmus) to wahadłowe, szybkie, poziome oscylacje gałek ocznych, bez fazy wolnej, inicjowane i utrzymywane przez pacjenta świadomie. Czas trwania tych oscylacji jest ograniczony zmęczeniem pacjenta. Przedstawiamy przypadek 13-letniejdziewczynki z oczopląsem, silnym bólem głowy i nudnościami. Podczas badania neurologicznego, w trakcie fiksacji stwierdzono oczopląs poziomy, dziewczyna skarżyła się również na zaburzenia widzenia pod postacią zamazanego obrazu. W badaniach dodatkowych (badanie okulistyczne, rezonans magnetyczny mózgowia) nie stwierdzono nieprawidłowości. Dokładna obserwacja pacjentki udowodniła, że dziewczynka świadomie demonstruje oczopląs. Umyślny oczopląs należy rozważyć w każdym przypadku, w którym zdiagnozowano przerywany, izolowany oczopląs, szczególnie w sytuacji gdy nie stwierdzono zmian okulistycznych lub innych objawów neurologicznych.Voluntary nystagmus is a pendular, rapid, primarily horizontal oscillation of the eyes, without a slow phase, often initiated and maintained by voluntary effort, its duration limited by fatigue. We present a case of 13-year old girl with nystagmus, severe headache and nausea. On examination the subject’s eyes moved normally, but during fixation at near point horizontal nystagmus was observed and the girl complained about blurred vision. Otherwise, opthalmological examination and brain MRI revealed no abnormalities. Close observation of the girl proved that she can produce nystagmus voluntarily. Voluntary nystagmus should be considered in every individual case of patients diagnosed with isolated, intermittent nystagmus, especially of those without ophthalmologically or neurologically pathologic findings

Anemia secondary to valproic acid therapy in a 13-year-old boy: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Valproic acid is a commonly used anti-epileptic drug. Hematological toxicities are among the occasionally observed adverse effects of this medication.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present the case of a 13-year-old Caucasian boy who demonstrated mild anemia 12 months after the introduction of valproic acid therapy. A bone marrow biopsy revealed maturation arrest of proerythroblasts.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Prompt diagnosis and valproic acid discontinuation resulted in the patient’s recovery.</p