Kinetika Adsorpsi Zat Warna Tartrazina Menggunakan Limbah Ampas Tahu sebagai Adsorben

It has been conducted a research about the utilization waste of tofu as adsorbent of tartrazine dye. Utilization waste of tofu as adsorption because tofu contains protein which has the power adsorption of amino acids that form a zwitter ion. The purpose of this study was to determine the adsorption process and adosrption kinetics model of tartrazine dye by waste of tofu as adsorbent. Making the adsorbent is done by making waste of tofu into powder with a size of 100 mesh. The method used in the analysis of tartrazine dye is using UV-Vis. Adsorption of of tartrazine dye using waste of tofu at concentrations of 50 ppm and a contact time of 80 minutes with weight adsorbent 0.3 g. The two isotherms were used that Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm, the adsorption studies of tartrazine dye adsorbent waste of tofu follow Freundlich adsorption isotherms with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 94.4%, KF is 0.0026 mg/g and n is 0.5621. Adsorption kinetics of of tartrazine dye adsorbent waste of tofu following the model of adsorption Ho pseudo-second order with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 100%, Xe is 1.7761 mg/g and k2,ads is -0.6550 g/mg minutes. The mechanism adsorption of of tartrazine dye with waste of tofu as adsorbent is chemisorpsi process

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Genome wide identification of new genes and pathways in patients with both autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) and Type 1 diabetes (T1D) frequently occur in the same individual pointing to a strong shared genetic susceptibility. Indeed, the co-occurrence of T1D and AITD in the same individual is classified as a variant of the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 (designated APS3v). Our aim was to identify new genes and mechanisms causing the co-occurrence of T1D þ AITD (APS3v) in the same individual using a genome-wide approach. For our discovery set we analyzed 346 Caucasian APS3v patients and 727 gender and ethnicity matched healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina Human660W-Quad.v1. The replication set included 185 APS3v patients and 340 controls. Association analyses were performed using the PLINK program, and pathway analyses were performed using the MAGENTA software.We identified multiple signals within the HLA region and conditioning studies suggested that a few of them contributed independently to the strong association of the HLA locus with APS3v. Outside the HLA region, variants in GPR103, a gene not suggested by previous studies of APS3v, T1D, or AITD, showed genome-wide significance (p < 5 _ 10_8). In addition, a locus on 1p13 containing the PTPN22 gene showed genome-wide significant associations. Pathway analysis demonstrated that cell cycle, B-cell development, CD40, and CTLA-4 signaling were the major pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of APS3v. These findings suggest that complex mechanisms involving Tcell and B-cell pathways are involved in the strong genetic association between AITD and T1D