Study of meteoroid impact into ablative heat shield materials Final report

Meteoroid impact damage to Apollo and Gemini ablative heat shield

Oral drug delivery strategies for development of poorly water soluble drugs in paediatric patient population

Selecting the appropriate formulation and solubility-enabling technology for poorly water soluble drugs is an essential element in the development of formulations for paediatric patients. Different methodologies and structured strategies are available to select a suitable approach and guide formulation scientists for development of adult formulations. However, there is paucity of available literature for selection of technology and overcoming the challenges in paediatric formulation development. The need for flexible dosing, and the limited knowledge of the safety of many formulation excipients in paediatric subjects, impose significant constraints and in some instances require adaptation of the approaches taken to formulating these drugs for the adult population. Selection of the best drug delivery system for paediatrics requires an efficient, systematic approach that considers a drug's physical and chemical properties and the targeted patient population's requirements. This review is a step towards development of a strategy for the design of solubility enhancing paediatric formulations of highly insoluble drugs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of different approaches and strategies to consider in order to assist development of paediatric formulation for poorly water-soluble drugs with the provision of examples of some marketed products. In addition, it provides recommendations to overcome the range of challenges posed by these strategies and adaptations of the adult approach/product presentation required to enable paediatric drug development and administration

Stimulation de l'activité K+ -pNPPasique nerveuse par les faibles doses d'amphétamine et de phényléthylamine : Évidence d'une activation apparente

L'amphétamine (AMPH) et la phényléthylamine (PEA) ont été testées in vitro sur les activités Mg ++ -et K+ -pNPP asiques du bulbe olfactif du rat. Au niveau de l'homogénat total, ces drogues ont induit un effet biphasique sur l'activité K+ -pNPPasique: le maximum de stimulation (20 % AMPH et 38,5 % PEA) a été obtenu à 3x 10 -5 M; alors qu'une inhibition significatifVe (46% AMPH et 21,5 % PEA) n'a été observée qu'à 10 -2 M. Nos résultats montrent que l'effet stimulateur disparaît lorsque les préparations membranaires de l'homogénat total sont traitées par un détergent (le triton X 100). Au niveau d'une fraction microsomale, cette activité K +-pNPPasique n'a pas présenté de réponse biphasique: une inhibition dose -dépendante est obtenue à partir de 10 -5 M. D'autre part, ces deux drogues n'ont pas eu d'effet significatif sur l'activité Mg ++-pNPP asique des differentes préparations membranaires . L'analyse de ces données laisse supposer que dé 10 -5 à 10-4 M, l'effet stimulateur sur la K + -pNPP ase n'est qu'apparent. En effet, ces drogues réduisent l'effet inhibiteur induit physiologiquement par l'environnement membranaire sur la molécule enzymatique (K + -pNPPase) et/ou déplacent un composé endogène " ouabain- like" de son site d'action

Détection voltamétrique des catécholamines dans le bulbe olfactif du rat

La voltamétrie différentielle sur impulsions normales (D.N.P.V.) associée à une fibre de carbone traitée électrochimiquement a été conçue pour la détermination des catécholamines. Une étude in vitro a permis de mettre au point un traitement électrochimique pour la détection des catécholamines qui a amplement amélioré les performances de l'électrode en termes de sélectivité, de sensibilité et de stabilité de la réponse. In vivo, l'électrode ainsi traitée a servi pour l'évaluation de très faibles concentrations (10.7 à 10.8 M) des catécholamines extracellulaires au niveau du bulbe olfactif du rat.Voltammetric detection of catecholamines in the rat olfactory bulbDifferential normal pulse voltammetry (DNPV) associated to electrochemically treated carbon fiber electrode has been used for catecholamines determination. In vitro, study has permittèd to take out electrochemical treatment for catécholamines detection. This treatment has widely improved selectivity, sensibility and stability ofresponse. In vivo, treated electrode was used for determination of very low concentrations (10.7 to 10.8 M) of extracellular catecholamines in the rat olfactory bulb

Evaluation of fluralaner and afoxolaner treatments to control flea populations, reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions in naturally infested dogs in private residences in west central Florida USA

Citation: Dryden, M. W., Canfield, M. S., Kalosy, K., Smith, A., Crevoiserat, L., McGrady, J. C., . . . Sun, F. (2016). Evaluation of fluralaner and afoxolaner treatments to control flea populations, reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions in naturally infested dogs in private residences in west central Florida USA. Parasites & Vectors, 9, 11. doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1654-7Background: A study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two different oral flea and tick products to control flea infestations, reduce pruritus and minimize dermatologic lesions over a 12 week period on naturally infested dogs in west central FL USA. Methods: Thirty-four dogs with natural flea infestations living in 17 homes were treated once with a fluralaner chew on study day 0. Another 27 dogs living in 17 different homes were treated orally with an afoxolaner chewable on day 0, once between days 28-30 and once again between days 54-60. All products were administered according to label directions by study investigators. Flea populations on pets were assessed using visual area counts and premise flea infestations were assessed using intermittent-light flea traps on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and once between days 28-30, 40-45, 54-60 and 82-86. Dermatologic assessments were conducted on day 0 and once monthly. Pruritus assessments were conducted by owners throughout the study. No concurrent treatments for existing skin disease (antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, anti-fungals) were allowed. Results: Following the first administration of fluralaner or afoxolaner, flea populations on pets were reduced by 99.0 % and 99.3 %, respectively within 7 days. Flea populations on the fluralaner treated dogs were 0 (100 % efficacy) on days 54-60 and 82-86 after the administration of a single dose on day 0. Administration of 3 monthly doses of afoxolaner reduced flea populations by 100 % on days 82-86. Flea numbers in indoor-premises were markedly reduced in both treatment groups by days 82-86, with 100 % and 98.9 % reductions in flea trap counts in the fluralaner and afoxolaner treatment groups, respectively. Marked improvement was observed in FAD lesion scoring, Atopic Dermatitis lesions scoring (CADESI-4) and pruritus scores with both formulations. Conclusions: In a clinical field investigation conducted during the summer of 2015 in subtropical Florida, a single administration of an oral fluralaner chew completely eliminated dog and premises flea infestations and markedly reduced dermatology lesions and pruritus. Three monthly doses of the afoxolaner chewable also eliminated flea infestations in dogs, markedly reduced premises' flea populations and similarly improved dermatology lesions and pruritus

Report of the 2005 Snowmass Top/QCD Working Group

This report discusses several topics in both top quark physics and QCD at an International Linear Collider (ILC). Issues such as measurements at the $t\bar{t}$ threshold, including both theoretical and machine requirements, and the determination of electroweak top quark couplings, are reviewed. New results concerning the potential of a 500 GeV $e^+e^-$ collider for measuring $Wtb$ couplings and the top quark Yukawa coupling are presented. The status of higher order QCD corrections to jet production cross sections, heavy quark form factors, and longitudinal gauge boson scattering, needed for percent-level studies at the ILC, are reviewed. A new study of the measurement of the hadronic structure of the photon at a $\gamma\gamma$ collider is presented. The effects on top quark properties from several models of new physics, including composite models, Little Higgs theories, and CPT violation, are studied.Comment: 39 pages, many figs; typos fixed and refs added. Contributed to the 2005 International Linear Collider Physics and Detector Workshop and 2nd ILC Accelerator Workshop, Snowmass, Colorado, 14-27 Aug 200

Bias-voltage dependence of the magneto-resistance in ballistic vacuum tunneling: Theory and application to planar Co(0001) junctions

Motivated by first-principles results for jellium and by surface-barrier shapes that are typically used in electron spectroscopies, the bias voltage in ballistic vacuum tunneling is treated in a heuristic manner. The presented approach leads in particular to a parameterization of the tunnel-barrier shape, while retaining a first-principles description of the electrodes. The proposed tunnel barriers are applied to Co(0001) planar tunnel junctions. Besides discussing main aspects of the present scheme, we focus in particular on the absence of the zero-bias anomaly in vacuum tunneling.Comment: 19 pages with 8 figure