Analiza importu towarów w amforach rodyjskich na podstawie materiałów odkrytych w Tanais. Zarys kontaktów handlowych Rodos z obszarem dolnego Donu w III-I w. p.n.e.

Dysertacja poświęcona jest analizie kontaktów handlowych pomiędzy Rodos i terenami położonymi w delcie Donu w okresie od III do I w. p.n.e. Jej podstawę źródłową stanowią materiały pochodzące z badań wykopaliskowych prowadzonych na terenie Tanais. Praca składa się z dwóch tomów. Pierwszy z nich poświęcony jest analizie wielkości importu towarów rodyjskich do Tanais w poszczególnych okresach historii miasta. Poczynione obserwacje zostały zestawione z danymi z innych stanowisk położonych na północnych wybrzeżach Morza Czarnego. Dokonanie analizy porównawczej importu z Rodos do Tanais na tle najważniejszych ośrodków północnych wybrzeży Morza Czarnego pozwoliło ukazać specyfikę dostaw towarów rodyjskich do miasta w skali całego regionu. Osiągnięte rezultaty pozwoliły również dokonać korekty funkcjonujących w nauce koncepcji na temat wymiany handlowej Rodos z ośrodkami zlokalizowanymi na północnych wybrzeżach Morza Czarnego. Drugi tom to katalog rodyjskich stempli ceramicznych odkrytych w trakcie badań prowadzonych w Tanais przez misję archeologiczną Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. The dissertation concerns the analysis of trade relations between Rhodes and the area situated in the estuary of Don in the period from the third to the first century BC. Its source basis are the materials from the excavations conducted in Tanais. The study consists of two volumes. The first one is devoted to the analysis of the volume of imports of goods from Rhodes to Tanais in particular periods of its history. The result of this research were combined with data from other sites on the northern coast of the Black Sea. Making a comparative analysis of imports from Rhodes to Tanais on the background of the most important centers of the northern coast of the Black Sea revealed the specific nature of the supply of Rhodian goods to the town in the scale of the region. As a result, the verification of some science conceptions on the trade contacts between Rhodes and the centers of the northern shores of the Black Sea was done. The second volume is a catalog of Rhodian ceramic stamps found during the excavations conducted in Tanais by the archaeological mission of the University of Warsaw

Heart Rate Variability—An Index of the Efficacy of Complementary Therapies in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), as a functional and psychosomatic disease, reduces the quality of life and increases the risk of developing mental disorders. Deregulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one of the main causes of the disease. The objective of the present study was to identify the studies in which measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) were performed before and after therapeutic intervention, and to evaluate the effectiveness of IBS therapy in terms of a reduction of IBS symptoms and changes in autonomic tone. A systematic review of the literature was carried out in accordance with PRISMA standards. Six databases were searched for articles published before 2022: PubMed®, MEDLINE®, EBSCO, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were experimental design, diagnosis of IBS (medical and/or diagnosis in accordance with the Rome Criteria), non-pharmacological intervention, and HRV measurement before and after the intervention. The quality of the studies was assessed by JBI Critical appraisal. In total, 455 studies were identified, of which, sixwere included in the review. Expected changes in HRV (increase in parasympathetic activity) were observed in four of the six studies (interventions studied: ear acupressure, transcutaneous auricular vagusnerve stimulation, cognitive behavioral therapy with relaxation elements, yoga). In the same studies, therapeutic interventions significantly reduced the symptoms of IBS. The present review indicated that interventions under investigation improve the efficiency of the ANS and reduce the symptoms of IBS. It is advisable to include HRV measurements as a measure of the effectiveness of interventions in IBS therapy, and to assess autonomic changes as a moderator of the effectiveness of IBS therapy

Pyrimidine Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Recent Studies on Biological Activities

Recently, 5-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)imino]methyl-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-4-amine has been synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for its antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis in combination with antineoplastic activity against gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study, new 5-iminomethylpyrimidine compounds were synthesized which differ in the substituent(s) of the aromatic ring attached to the imine group. The structures of newly obtained pyrimidine Schiff bases were established by spectroscopy techniques (ESI-MS, FTIR and 1H NMR). To extend the current knowledge about the features responsible for the biological activity of the new 5-iminomethylpyrimidine derivatives, low-temperature single-crystal X-ray analyses were carried out. For all studied crystals, intramolecular N–H∙∙∙N hydrogen bonds and intermolecular C–H∙∙∙F interactions were observed and seemed to play an essential role in the formation of the structures. Simultaneously, their biological properties based on their cytotoxic features were compared with the activities of the Schiff base (III) published previously. Moreover, computational investigations, such as ADME prediction analysis and molecular docking, were also performed on the most active new Schiff base (compound 4b). These results were compared with the highest active compound III

Conservation of irregular stone masonry in Tanais in Russia

The article presents and describes the conservation of masonry structures at archaeological site in Tanais near Rostov-on-Don in Russia. The authors' experiences presented in the article result from many years of cooperation between the Faculty of Civil Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology and the Centre for Research on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe at the University of Warsaw. Works on masonry structures located in the area of archaeological excavations are characterized by a unique specificity covering both formal issues, resulting from international standards and agreements regulating the conservation of historic buildings, as well as technical and environmental issues. The basic technical issues include ensuring the safety of further excavation works, protection of masonry structures against the destructive effects of atmospheric condition and preparing the structure for possible presentation in archaeological parks organized on the site of trenches. Environmental issues relate to local, social and economic conditions. The article presents the procedures that should be used in the maintenance of antique irregular masonry and presents the specific technological and material solutions used in the example objects

Conservation of irregular stone masonry in Tanais in Russia

The article presents and describes the conservation of masonry structures at archaeological site in Tanais near Rostov-on-Don in Russia. The authors' experiences presented in the article result from many years of cooperation between the Faculty of Civil Engineering at the Warsaw University of Technology and the Centre for Research on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe at the University of Warsaw. Works on masonry structures located in the area of archaeological excavations are characterized by a unique specificity covering both formal issues, resulting from international standards and agreements regulating the conservation of historic buildings, as well as technical and environmental issues. The basic technical issues include ensuring the safety of further excavation works, protection of masonry structures against the destructive effects of atmospheric condition and preparing the structure for possible presentation in archaeological parks organized on the site of trenches. Environmental issues relate to local, social and economic conditions. The article presents the procedures that should be used in the maintenance of antique irregular masonry and presents the specific technological and material solutions used in the example objects

Unwrapping the micro-history of a house cistern from ancient Akrai/Acrae (southeastern Sicily)

The paper looks into the turbulent history of the ancient town of Akrai/Acrae in a mountainous part of southeastern Sicily, encapsulated in the assemblage of finds from a domestic cistern, which was remodeled and adapted in the course of its use. The cistern is considered as an architectural feature against the background of the ancient town, and the assemblage recovered from it is exmined thoroughly category by category, giving insight into the life of the ancient inhabitants of this island in the Mediterranean

Polityczna kreacja ładu ekonomicznego. Teoria i praktyka

Władza polityczna posiada współcześnie ogromny wpływ na kreowanie wielu aspektów rzeczywistości gospodarczej. Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi głos w dyskusji na temat teoretycznych, historycznych oraz współczesnych powiązań systemu ekonomicznego z polityką. Jego celem jest przybliżenie czytelnikowi relacji i mechanizmów zachodzących pomiędzy politycznym systemem opartym na demokracji, a gospodarką w wymiarze krajowym i międzynarodowym. Większość szkół ekonomicznych na ogół przyjmuje, że rynek jest najlepszym sposobem organizowania procesów gospodarczych, a system demokracji parlamentarnej najlepszą metodą sprawowania władzy. Wielość systemów gospodarczych opartych o tę zasadę jest faktem, jak i faktem jest różna ich sprawność, czy efektywność działania. Faktem także jest zróżnicowanie gospodarek ze względu na uwarunkowania kulturowo-historyczne. Po prostu demokracja i rynek nie jedno ma imię. Badanie tej różnorodności i trwałości systemów, określenie czynników wywołujących ich zmianę stanowi ważki temat badań ekonomicznych o dużych walorach praktycznych. Monografia zawiera wartościowy, interdyscyplinarny ładunek wiedzy.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 5-Hydroxymethylpyrimidines

Pyrimidine displays a wide array of bioactivities, and thence, it is still considered a potent unit of new drug research. Its derivative, 5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine, can be found as a scaffold of nontypical nitrogen bases in DNA and as a core of some natural bioactive compounds. In this study, we obtained a series of 5-hydroxymethylpyrimidines that vary in the 4-position by the reduction of proper esters. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction was performed for some of them. Biological investigations estimated cytotoxic properties against normal (RPTEC) and cancer (HeLa, HepaRG, Caco-2, AGS, A172) cell lines. It was found that the derivatives with an aliphatic amino group at the 4-position are generally less toxic to normal cells than those with a benzylsulfanyl group. Moreover, compounds with bulky constituents exhibit better anticancer properties, though at a moderate level. The specific compounds were chosen due to their most promising IC50 concentration for in silico study. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity tests were performed against six strains of bacteria and one fungus. They demonstrated that only derivatives with at least three carbon chain amino groups at the 4-position have weak antibacterial properties, and only the derivative with 4-benzylsulfanyl constituent exhibits any antifungal action

A New Pyrimidine Schiff Base with Selective Activities against Enterococcus faecalis and Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Enterococcus faecalis is known as a significant nosocomial pathogen due to its natural resistance to many antibacterial drugs. Moreover, it was found that E. faecalis infection causes inflammation, production of reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage to human gastric cancer cells, which can induce cancer. In this study, we synthesized and tested the biological activity of a new Schiff base, 5-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)imino]methyl-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-4-amine (3), and compared its properties with an analogous amine (2). In the biological investigation, 3 was found to have antibacterial activity against E. faecalis 29212 and far better anticancer properties, especially against gastric adenocarcinoma (human Caucasian gastric adenocarcinoma), than 2. In addition, both derivatives were non-toxic to normal cells. It is worth mentioning that 3 could potentially inhibit cancer cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis. The results suggest that the presence of the –C=N– bond in the molecule of 3 increases its activity, indicating that 5-iminomethylpyrimidine could be a potent core for further drug discovery research

Insulin and Metformin Administration: Unravelling the Multifaceted Association with Mortality across Various Clinical Settings Considering Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19

Due to the molecular mechanisms of action of antidiabetic drugs, they are considered to be effective in the treatment of both COVID-19 and the post-COVID-19 syndromes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administering insulin and metformin on the mortality of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with symptomatic COVID-19 with the use of logistic regression models. The association between death and insulin and metformin was weak and could not be included in the multivariate model. However, the interaction of both drugs with other factors, including remdesivir and low-molecular-weight heparin (metformin), age and hsCRP (insulin), modulated the odds of death. These interactions hint at multifaceted (anti-/pro-) associations of both insulin and metformin with the odds of death, depending on the patient’s characteristics. In the multivariate model, RDW-SD, adjusted with low-molecular-weight heparin treatment, age, sex and K+, was associated with mortality among patients with COVID-19 and T2DM. With a 15% increase in RDW-SD, the risk of death increased by 87.7%. This preliminary study provides the foundations for developing further, more personalized models to assess the risk of death in T2DM patients, as well as for identifying patients at an increased risk of death due to COVID-19