Optimization of neuropsychological rehabilitation of higher mental functions in junior schoolchildren with mild intellectual disability

The article studies the effectiveness of complex neuropsychological rehabilitative impact on the nonverbal and verbal higher mental functions (HMFs) in junior schoolchildren with mild intellectual disability (ID) in comparison with the impact exclusively on the verbal HMFs in the same category of children.В статье рассматривается эффективность нейропсихологического коррекционного воздействия на невербальные и вербальные высшие психические функции детей младшего школьного возраста с легкой степенью умственной отсталости

Microbial interactions and differential protein expression in Staphylococcus aureus –Candida albicans dual-species biofilms

The fungal species Candida albicans and the bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for a majority of hospital-acquired infections and often coinfect critically ill patients as complicating polymicrobial biofilms. To investigate biofilm structure during polymicrobial growth, dual-species biofilms were imaged with confocal scanning laser microscopy. Analyses revealed a unique biofilm architecture where S. aureus commonly associated with the hyphal elements of C. albicans. This physical interaction may provide staphylococci with an invasion strategy because candidal hyphae can penetrate through epithelial layers. To further understand the molecular mechanisms possibly responsible for previously demonstrated amplified virulence during coinfection, protein expression studies were undertaken. Differential in-gel electrophoresis identified a total of 27 proteins to be significantly differentially produced by these organisms during coculture biofilm growth. Among the upregulated staphylococcal proteins was l-lactate dehydrogenase 1, which confers resistance to host-derived oxidative stressors. Among the downregulated proteins was the global transcriptional repressor of virulence factors, CodY. These findings demonstrate that the hyphae-mediated enhanced pathogenesis of S. aureus may not only be due to physical interactions but can also be attributed to the differential regulation of specific virulence factors induced during polymicrobial growth. Further characterization of the intricate interaction between these pathogens at the molecular level is warranted, as it may aid in the design of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at combating fungal–bacterial polymicrobial infection

The method of transitional processes in studies of geological media with magnetic viscosity

The paper discusses the effect of magnetically viscous geological materials on the TEM response. Magnetic viscosity is a property of ferromagnetism. In rocks and soils it is often associated with superparamagnetism, or magnetic relaxation of ultra-fine ferrimagnetic mineral grains. Magnetic viscosity in TEM data shows itself as voltage decaying inversely proportional to the first power of time. Most often it is treated as a geologic noise that hinders inversion of TEM response in terms of electrical conductivity. On the other hand, there is evidence that magnetic viscosity effects are related to the mineralogy and history of natural and man-made geological materials. Therefore, it appears reasonable to learn how, (1) using TEM systems of different geometry, to amplify or depress the magnetic viscosity response and (2) interpret it in terms of rock magnetism. We show, through forward calculation of TEM responses, laboratory magnetic viscosity measurements both in time and frequency domains, and inversion of the field TEM data in terms of time-dependant magnetic susceptibility, how magnetic viscosity effects can be used as a source of important information on the near-surface geology. The discussed results present a first experience in applying the TEM method to purposeful investigation into magnetic relaxation of rocks. There are still a number of important issues that remain beyond this consideration and will be a subject of a special study, namely, equivalence, resolution, and influence of measurement errors on the inversion quality

Contribution of magnetic aftereffect and induction transition characteristics of basalts from the Vitim plateau

To study magnetic aftereffect (magnetic viscosity) with its manifestations making difficulties for interpretation of the data of transitional processes, comprehensive experimental studies of samples have been conducted, which characterize the upper rock mass of the Vitim basaltic plateau. An attempt to reveal the character of distribution of magnetically viscous rocks within volcano-sedimentary succession of strata has been made and to find out which ferromagnetic particles display the effect of magnetic viscosity on the inductive transient response. It has been shown that in time-domain measurements with inductive systems the greatest contribution of magnetic viscosity effect is brought by the most fresh, unchanged rocks. Magnetic viscosity effect is mainly caused by super-paramagnetic grains of low-titanic titanomagnetite, close to pure magnetite with rather narrow grain-size interval (most probably 0.0254-0.029 mm). As for the smaller superparamagnetic grains, the contribution of relaxation of their magnetization to inductive transient responses is approximately 3 times lower. Possible criteria of diagnostics of superparamagnetic particles of different size are proposed on the base of petro-magnetic data

Upper Paleolithic site Tuyana – a multi-proxy record of sedimentation and environmental history during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in the Tunka rift valley, Baikal region

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA The complex study of the 3.5-m thick section of the multi-genetic sediments of the Late Paleolithic Tuyana site (Tunka rift valley, Baikal region) resulted in a first detailed record of the change in environment and climate of the ancient humans’ habitation in the Tunka rift valley in Late Pleistocene and Holocene in the interval of >36 ka cal BP until Late Holocene. Sedimentation processes in the section are characterized by multiple remobilizations. Redeposition traces are most strongly expressed in МIS 3 sediments. Apparently, an intensive transient removal of slope sediments took place here at МIS 2. The common tendency of the natural environment and habitation conditions of the ancient humans in the Tunka valley show domination of the open and relatively dry tundra-steppe with areas of forests vegetation in the end of MIS 3, mostly dry steppes with limited forest-tundra and tundra associations in MIS 2 with the spread of boreal taiga in Holocene. Tunka rift valley around 50 ka cal BP had already been settled by humans and was visited by them during the periods of relatively favorable climatic conditions: during the MIS 3 optimums and in Middle Holocene. The Tuyana Paleolithic complexes have extensive analogies with the Aurignacian industries of Eurasia. The closest similarities could be drawn with the complexes of Kulbulakien culture in Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. The Tuyana site is currently the most eastern occurrence of the Aurignacian culture in Eurasia

Upper Paleolithic site Tuyana – a multi-proxy record of sedimentation and environmental history during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in the Tunka rift valley, Baikal region

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA The complex study of the 3.5-m thick section of the multi-genetic sediments of the Late Paleolithic Tuyana site (Tunka rift valley, Baikal region) resulted in a first detailed record of the change in environment and climate of the ancient humans’ habitation in the Tunka rift valley in Late Pleistocene and Holocene in the interval of >36 ka cal BP until Late Holocene. Sedimentation processes in the section are characterized by multiple remobilizations. Redeposition traces are most strongly expressed in МIS 3 sediments. Apparently, an intensive transient removal of slope sediments took place here at МIS 2. The common tendency of the natural environment and habitation conditions of the ancient humans in the Tunka valley show domination of the open and relatively dry tundra-steppe with areas of forests vegetation in the end of MIS 3, mostly dry steppes with limited forest-tundra and tundra associations in MIS 2 with the spread of boreal taiga in Holocene. Tunka rift valley around 50 ka cal BP had already been settled by humans and was visited by them during the periods of relatively favorable climatic conditions: during the MIS 3 optimums and in Middle Holocene. The Tuyana Paleolithic complexes have extensive analogies with the Aurignacian industries of Eurasia. The closest similarities could be drawn with the complexes of Kulbulakien culture in Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. The Tuyana site is currently the most eastern occurrence of the Aurignacian culture in Eurasia