EFFECT OF THICKNESS LAYER OF KENAF FIBRE REINFOECED FIBRE GLASS, AGAINST IMPACT OF HYBRID COMPOSITE SANDWICH WITH CORE SENGON

The purpose of this research is to know the impact strength of composite structures of sengon laut sawdust. Experimental results show that the impact toughness of sandwich composite will increase as the thickness of composite sandwich skin increases. The impact failure is due mostly to the shear failure of the core. Brittle specimen failure occurs on the sandwich composites structured with skin and core manufactured with the same thickness of 5 mm. This brittle sandwich composite has a flat cross section on both sides of the fault. The shear failure of the cores occurs in samples with 2 mm thick, 3 mm, 4 mm thick, and 10 mm thick core. In some samples, the shear failure of the cores is accompanied by cracks on the core so that the sandwich composite is broken in several parts. The highest value of absorption energy and the highest impact strength is found on thick composite sandwich variation of 10 mm thick with 4 mm thickness of 2,7860 J and 0,01032 J/mm2

WATERWALL TUBE BOILER DAMAGE ANALYSIS IN A 150 MW STEAM POWER PLANT

Steam Power Plant which uses environmentally friendly types of boilers such as CFB (Circulating Fluidized Bed) type boilers. Failure of the boiler pipe has a big impact on the process or the losses it causes. This study will analyze the failures that occur in the boiler tube waterwall of PT. DSSP Power South Sumatra which suffered damage by testing chemical content, hardness test, tensile test, metallographic testing, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) testing. The test results show that the composition contained in the boiler tube waterwall is not in accordance with the standards, there are some elements that are lower than the specifications. The mechanical properties of watertube boilers are still in accordance with the standards. Leaks that occur in pipes are caused by creeping cracks and causing fatigue so that the damage begins with 'thermal fatigue' which causes cracks in certain weld seams. These open cracks produce leaks which cause the discharge of high velocity fluids which hit adjacent surfaces creating an 'erosion' failure which then results in thinning of the walls of the tube. The thinning of the walls then causes another leak. Therefore, a series of erosions occurred which resulted in several leaks. The fact is that the failure is preferably located in the area of the weld seam which makes it the root cause of the failur

COMPOSITE MATRIX POLYESTER REINFORCE FIBRESKIN GELAM; PREPARATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Gelam (melaleuca leucandendra) is one plant that is widely available in South Sumatra potential into cellulose extraction. His plant is widely used for building materials and wood products processed the rest of the powder timber furniture industry. While, the skin of this plant is not used for anything. In fact, from  the structure of the skin that have fiber, skin of gelam  has the potential to be a valuable product, one of them with a matter in the form of composite reinforcement. While today's technology demands urgent environmental friendly technology product makers, especially friendly to the environment. The analysis conducted in this study utilizes softwood bark fiber serves as reinforcement to resin volume fraction ratio : Resin 100% : Filler 0%(A), Resin 90% : Filler 10% (B) Resin 80% : Filler 20%(C), Resin 70% : Filler 30%(D), Resin 60% : Filler 40% (E). Observed characteristics are kekutan composite tensile and impact strength. On average the highest tensile stress is the value obtained from the variation of the volume fraction of the specimen D (70% resin: 30% fiber) that is equal to 17.96 N/mm2, while the average value obtained from the lowest voltage variation of the volume fraction of the specimen B (90 % resin: 10% fiber) that is equal to 12:35 N/mm2. The average value of tensile strain obtained specimens A, B, C, D and E are the same, namely 0.68%. High MOE happens to specimens B, C and E, it indicates that the greater the value of the modulus of elasticity of the material is more difficult to increase the length, in this case the smallest specimen D modulus of elasticity. The average value of the energy required to break the specimen is equal to the highest Joule 34.728, obtained from the variation of the volume fraction of specimen D (70% resin: 30% fiber)

STRUCTURAL AND CHARACTERIZATION POLYACRYLONITRILE NANOFIBER FOR AIR FILTRATION ASSEMBLED BY ELECTROSPINNING

In electrospinning, the structure of nanofibers, which is affected by polymer solution parameters and processing conditions, influences the physical characteristics of nanofiber mats. In this study, under optimum conditions of electrospinning, the concentration of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was changed 14, 16 and 18 wt %, and its effects on the nanofiber diameter and pore size of nanofiber mats were studied. The results showed that increasing the PAN polymer concentration enhanced the nanofiber diameter and pore diameter of nanofiber mats. Keywords: electrospinning; concentrations; pore siz

STRUCTURAL AND CHARACTERIZATION POLYACRYLONITRILE NANOFIBER FOR AIR FILTRATION ASSEMBLED BY ELECTROSPINNING

In electrospinning, the structure of nanofibers, which is affected by polymer solution parameters and processing conditions, influences the physical characteristics of nanofiber mats. In this study, under optimum conditions of electrospinning, the concentration of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was changed 14, 16 and 18 wt %, and its effects on the nanofiber diameter and pore size of nanofiber mats were studied. The results showed that increasing the PAN polymer concentration enhanced the nanofiber diameter and pore diameter of nanofiber mats.  Keywords: electrospinning; concentrations; pore siz

STUDY OF EXHAUST GAS RESIDUAL HEAT CONVERSION HRSG PLTGU KERAMASAN TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY WITH GENERATOR THERMOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY

The Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) is a combination of a Gas Power Plant (PLTG) and a Steam Power Plant (PLTU), this plant utilizes exhaust gas from the PLTG to produce steam as the working fluid in the PLTU. The residual heat from the heating process at the HRSG is channeled into the chimney, and the remaining heat from the exhaust gas can be converted into electrical energy with the Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) module. This research was carried out by installing the TEG module in series on the surface of the HRSG chimney wall, using laboratory scale measurements. The heat source uses a heater with a total power of 2,000 W. The research results show that the TEG module can convert the residual heat energy of the exhaust gas from the HRSG chimney into electrical energy. Four TEG modules mounted on the chimney surface can generate a voltage of 0.83 V and a maximum power of 2.79 mW. These results indicate that the TEG module is an opportunity to convert heat energy into electrical energy for further development.The Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) is a combination of a Gas Power Plant (PLTG) and a Steam Power Plant (PLTU), this plant utilizes exhaust gas from the PLTG to produce steam as the working fluid in the PLTU. The residual heat from the heating process at the HRSG is channeled into the chimney, and the remaining heat from the exhaust gas can be converted into electrical energy with the Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) module. This research was carried out by installing the TEG module in series on the surface of the HRSG chimney wall, using laboratory scale measurements. The heat source uses a heater with a total power of 2,000 W. The research results show that the TEG module can convert the residual heat energy of the exhaust gas from the HRSG chimney into electrical energy. Four TEG modules mounted on the chimney surface can generate a voltage of 0.83 V and a maximum power of 2.79 mW. These results indicate that the TEG module is an opportunity to convert heat energy into electrical energy for further development

Implementation of Green Service Innovation at Food & Beverage Department Beach Resort & Spa

Food & beverage department service has a very important role in a hotel, because the good and bad of the service will affect the level of popularity of the hotel. During the delivery of excellent quality service will create high value, which can create customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to analyses the application of green service innovation and what obstacles are faced in the application of green service innovation at Azul beach club Bali Mandira Beach Resort & Spa. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method by dividing three stages, namely reducing data, presenting data and then drawing conclusions. The data collection methods in this study are observation, interviews, literature studies and documentation. The results of this study show that of the 9 (nine) indicators of green service innovation applied to the F&B department at Azul beach club applied 100% well. The obstacles faced in the implementation of green service innovation are maintaining consistency and commitment, product resilience, spending funds and also limited product raw materials

Utilization of Fly Ash For the Pretreatment Process of Rubber Industry Wastewater Processing Using Hybrid Membrane UF-RO

This research was conducted to treat rubber industry wastewater by using fly-ash as an adsorbent and hybrid membrane UF-RO to produce clean water. In this research was analyzed the effect of flow rate of wastewater treatment to remove turbidity, zinc, and iron. The applied flow rate of membrane separation was of 7 L/min and 14 L/min and the operation time was of  90 min respectively. The rejection concentration of turbidity, zinc, and iron decreased with increasing the flow rate at adsorbent fly-ash. Whereas at the hybrid membrane UF-RO,  the rejection concentration of turbidity, zinc, and iron increased with increasing the flow rate. The maximum rejection of turbidity was 24.26%, 95%,  and 67.89% for adsorbent fly-ash, UF membrane, and  RO membrane respectively. The maximum rejection of zinc was 91.67%, 59.70%,  and 14.81% for adsorbent fly-ash, UF membrane, and RO membrane respectively. The maximum rejection of iron was 62.24% and  21.62% for adsorbent fly-ash, UF membrane respectively. The pollutants concentration in the permeate was met the quality standards of the Indonesian health department through the decision of the Minister of Health number 907 of 2002 concerning supervision of the quality of drinking water