(−)-Istanbulin A

The title compound (systematic name: 9a-hydr­oxy-3,4a,5-trimethyl-4a,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexa­hydro-4H,5H-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-2,8-dione), C15H20O4, is a sesquiterpene lactone showing the typical eremophilanolide skeleton, which has been isolated from the plant Senecio candidans collected in the Chilean Magallanes region. The present study confirms the atomic connectivity assigned on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as the relative stereochemistry of the 4α-methyl,5α-methyl,8β-hydr­oxy,10β-H unit. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the hydr­oxy group as donor and the oxo group as acceptor, giving chains along the a axis. The absolute structure was not determined because of the lack of suitable anomalous scatters

Uso de sesquiterpenos eremofilanos como garrapaticidas

Uso de al menos un sesquiterpeno eremofilano de fórmula (I) como garrapaticida, donde R1 es H o OH; [1] es un enlace simple o doble; X se selecciona del grupo que consiste en ausente, CH3, OH, OOH y junto a Z forma un epóxido de estructura (Z-IV); y Z se selecciona del grupo que consiste en (Z-I), (Z-II), (Z-III) y junto a X forma (ZIV), preferiblemente el sesquiterpeno (I) es dehidrofukinona, 11- hidroxieremofil-6(7), 9(10)-dien-8-ona, 7-11- epoxieremofil-9(10)-en-8-ona, o una mezcla. Preferiblemente el sesquiterpeno actúa frente a garrapatas del género Hyalomma spp. y/o Rhipicephalus spp. En particular, uso para tratar o prevenir una enfermedad causada por garrapatas en un humano o animal; y uso para prevenir, controlar o eliminar la presencia de garrapatas en el entorno en contacto con un animal o humano. Así como un producto que comprende dicho sesquiterpeno de fórmula (I)Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad de Santiago de ChileB1 Patente sin examen previ

El profesor de educación plástica y visual y los imaginarios: nuevos retos en educación artística

En esta tesis se ha realizado una investigación de corte cualitativo con la intención de comprender e interpretar los pensamientos, las creencias, las actitudes, las acciones, etc. de tres profesores de la especialidad de Dibujo en la Educación Secundaria a través de un estudio de casos. Para iniciar dicho estudio se ha recurrido, como referente principal, a la teoría sobre los imaginarios sociales de Cornelius Castoriadis para poder indagar en las formas simbólicas adquiridas y manifiestas sobre la Educación Artística en el contexto de los institutos de enseñanza pública, y también sobre los diálogos generados en la interrelación de los docentes participantes. La metodología diseñada ha partido de preguntas y objetivos para la aplicación de la etnografía educativa como vía de acceso al objeto de estudio. La pregunta primordial que formulamos en esta investigación es la siguiente: ¿Cuáles son las formas simbólicas o referentes simbólicos más habituales utilizados por los profesores de Educación Plástica y Visual (EPV) como elementos de construcción de identidad? Respecto a los objetivos hay que subrayar que sirven de guía en el desarrollo de la investigación, y se han enfocado para analizar los conceptos de arte, educación y Educación Artística, obtener un marco referencial teórico sobre los imaginarios sociales y su conexión con la Educación Artística y la figura del profesor de EPV, indagar y descubrir los imaginarios sociales y su simbología en la disciplina artística, recopilar información y datos sobre la formación específica, la capacidad investigadora, las corrientes teóricas asimiladas y las metodologías de aplicación didáctica más habituales de los profesores colaboradores, comprobar la eficacia de la metodología y extraer una serie de conclusiones que aporten datos significativos para la reflexión y el diseño de propuestas que sean útiles para la mejora de la práctica en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de los estudios artísticos y visuales en la etapa de la Educación Secundaria. El proceso investigativo se ha basado en el análisis interpretativo de los datos recogidos en el trabajo de campo para alcanzar una demostración convincente. El establecimiento de varias categorías en conexión con las formas simbólicas ha constituido el eje central del procedimiento de recopilación de datos por diversos métodos (cuestionario, diario de clase, observación participante y no participante, entrevista, análisis de imágenes realizadas por alumnos y grupo de discusión). La información extraída del análisis de contenido ha permitido alcanzar unos resultados contundentes y categóricos que confirman la validez de la investigación. En consecuencia hay que afirmar que la inferencia realizada de los datos aportados por los profesores es significativa, dando lugar a unas conclusiones donde se ha comprobado la viabilidad metodológica debido a la estructuración del trabajo y a la interrelación entre el marco teórico, los objetivos de la investigación y los hallazgos obtenidos. Aunque los resultados conseguidos no llegan a ser generalizables en relación al gremio de docentes de EPV en Secundaria, sí podemos afirmar que el estudio llevado a cabo hace una aportación relevante al conocimiento sobre la forma de pensar, sentir e intervenir en la práctica de la Educación Artística de un pequeño grupo de profesores, desprendiéndose de esta investigación la problemática actual y los retos y desafíos que los educadores de esta especialidad tendrán que afrontar en el futuro más próximo

THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG REPEATED SPRINT AND CHANGE OF DIRECTION ABILITIES IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

This study aimed to describe and determine relationships between repeated sprint and change of direction abilities in football players with cerebral palsy according to four sport classes (FT5 to FT8). Seventeen male football players with cerebral palsy took part in this study (23.0±4.7 years, 65.9±9.5 kg, 168.8±5.9 cm). The repeated sprint ability (6×40-m sprints with a 20-second recovery) was evaluated to determine the best sprint time, mean sprint time, and percentage of sprint decrement. The difference in lactate concentration was determined using blood samples taken three minutes before and after testing. The Illinois Agility Test (IAT) was also used to assess players’ change of direction ability. The FT8 players had better performance (p&lt;.01) in the best sprint time, mean sprint time and in the IAT scores compared to the players of the sport classes FT5/6. Players of the sport class FT7 also reached higher performance in the IAT compared to the players of the sport classes FT5/6 (p&lt;.05). A significant correlation was found between the best sprint time and mean sprint time (r=.94, p&lt;.01), the best sprint time and the IAT (r=.62, p&lt;.01), and between the best sprint time and the difference in lactate concentration (r=-.51, p&lt;.05). The relationships between repeated sprint and change of direction abilities demonstrate the performance profile of para-footballers with cerebral palsy in those variables according to their sport classes, exhibiting lower performance than the values reported for regular football players.Keywords: physical performance, para-sport, brain impairment, Paralympic sport</p

To What Degree Does Limb Spasticity Affect Motor Performance in Para-Footballers With Cerebral Palsy?

Spasticity is considered a contributor to hypertonia, frequently presented in people with cerebral palsy (CP), affecting muscle function and motor activities. In CP football, the classification system determines that this impairment is eligible for competitive para-sports due to the impact on activity limitation and sports performance. However, the relationship between this feature (i.e., spastic hypertonia) and performance determinants has not been explored yet. This study aimed to assess the association of clinical spasticity measurements with the performance of sport-specific tests used for classification purposes. Sixty-nine international footballers with CP voluntarily participated in this study. The Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale was used to measure spasticity in lower limbs muscle groups and activity limitation tests were conducted considering dynamic balance, coordination, vertical and horizontal jumps, acceleration, and change of direction ability. Low-to-moderate negative significant associations were found between the hip spasticity and measures of dynamic balance and dominant unipedal horizontal jump capacity. Additionally, moderate associations were reported between the knee spasticity and the non-dominant unipedal horizontal jump capacity and the change of direction actions with the ball. The ankle spasticity score reported small to moderate associations with the change of direction assessment without the ball and bipedal and dominant unipedal horizontal jump capability. Finally, the total spasticity score only presented a significant association with horizontal jump performance. This is a novel study that provides evidence of the associations between an eligible neural impairment and relevant specific measures of activity limitation tests. These results suggest that the amount of spasticity according to each evaluated joint muscle group of the lower limbs presents a low-to-moderate significant relationship with determined measures of dynamic balance, coordination, horizontal jump, acceleration, and change of direction ability with and without the ball in international-level CP footballers. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the real contribution of neural and non-neural impairments related to hypertonia on fundamental sport-specific motor skills of para-footballers with CP.This open access publication was granted by the Vice-Rectorate of Research of the Miguel Hernández University under the program entitled “Ayudas para la Difusión de la Ciencias” (03792/2021). Also, the authors gratefully acknowledge the support of a Spanish government subproject entitled “Integration ways between qualitative and quantitative data, multiple case development, and synthesis review as the main axis for an innovative future in physical activity and sports research” (PGC2018-098742-B-C31) (2019-2021) (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema I+D+i), that is part of a coordinated project entitled “New approach of research in physical activity and sport from a mixed methods perspective” (NARPAS_MM) (SPGC201800X098742CV0)

Neuromuscular Fatigue in Cerebral Palsy Football Players after a Competitive Match According to Sport Classification and Playing Position

This study aimed to determine the rated perceived exertion (RPE) and match load (RPE-ML) to compare pre-post-match vertical jump (VJ) capacity according to cerebral palsy (CP) players’ sport classes (i.e., FT1–FT3) and playing positions and to explore whether the neuromuscular performance variation is associated with the internal load of para-footballers with CP. Fifty-six male para-footballers performed two VJ tests before and immediately after a competitive CP football match, followed by measurements of the players’ RPE and RPE-ML. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the pairwise comparisons for RPE and RPE-ML according to sport classes and playing position. A significant reduction in the VJ performance was found for each player sport class and playing position in squat jump (SJ) (p < 0.01; 0.24 < dg < 0.58) and countermovement jump (CMJ) (p < 0.05; 0.22 < dg < 0.45). Regarding the pairwise comparisons, players with the minimal impairment criteria (FT3) obtained higher deficit scores during SJ than those belonging to the FT1 and FT2 (p = 0.003; 1.00 < dg < 1.56). Defenders experienced the lowest performance compared to midfielders and attackers in SJ performance (p = 0.027; 0.94 < dg < 1.28). Significant correlations were obtained between ΔSJ or ΔCMJ and RPE or RPE-ML (r = −0.58 to −0.75; p < 0.001). These findings provide novel information supporting the notion that fatigue induced after a competitive match causes notable impairments in VJ performance differentiated according to sport class and playing position in para-footballers with CP.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Spanish Government subproject enti- tled “Integration ways between qualitative and quantitative data, multiple case development, and synthesis review as the main axis for an innovative future in physical activity and sports research” (PGC2018-098742-B-C31) (2019–2021) (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema I+D+i), that is part of a coordinated project entitled “New approach of research in physical activity and sport from a mixed methods perspective” (NARPAS_MM) (SPGC201800X098742CV0

ESTUDIO QUÍMICO DE LA CORTEZA DE Remijia peruviana “Cascarilla”

En el presente trabajo se realizó el análisis cualitativo de los metabolitos secundarios y la cuantificación e identificación de los alcaloides presentes en la corteza de Remijia peruviana, la cual forma parte de la familia Rubiaceae, caracterizada por sintetizar mayoritariamente alcaloides. Se ha aislado y determinado la estructura química de cinco alcaloides quinolínicos: tres nuevos derivados, Quinina acetato (1), Quinina alcohol (2) y N-Etil Quinina (3); y dos reportados anteriormente en la literatura: Quinina (4) y Cinchonina (5). La estructura de los nuevos alcaloides fueron elucidados por análisis básicos de espectroscopía RMN, incluyendo correlaciones homonuclear y heteronuclear (COSY, NOESY, HMBC y HSQC)

Postcranial remains of basal typotherian notoungulates from the eocene of Northwestern Argentina

Notoungulates represent the most taxonomically diverse and temporally and geographically widespread group among South American native ungulates. Here, we analyze anatomical and systematic aspects of proximal tarsal bones recovered from the Lower and Upper Lumbrera formations (middle and late middle Eocene) in northwestern Argentina. We provide detailed descriptions, comparisons, and infer foot stances and range of movements for the taxa implicated. Material studied includes astragali belonging to the oldfieldthomasiid Colbertia lumbrerense (Lower Lumbrera Formation), a set of proximal tarsals referred as Typotheria indet. (Lower Lumbrera Formation), and tarsals (also including navicular and cuboid) of the informal taxon “Campanorco inauguralis” (Upper Lumbrera Formation). The comparison of the tarsals of Colbertia lumbrerense (middle Eocene of Argentina) with Colbertia magellanica (early Eocene of Brazil) reveals several differences including variations on the development and arrangement of articular facets, and the size of the dorsal astragalar foramen in the Argentinean species. The specimen of Typotheria indet. shows morphological affinities with basal interatheriid taxa. However, its larger size contrasting with the overall small body sizes of Eocene interatheriids precludes an indisputable taxonomic assignment. Concerning “Campanorco inauguralis”, our observations indicate that there is no morphological evidence for a close phylogenetic relationship with Mesotheriidae. It presents a “reversed alternating tarsus” condition, which is also observed in Leontiniidae, “Notohippidae”, Toxodontidae, and some typotherians. However, the spectrum of singularities exhibited by this form precludes the assessment of its relationships in the context of the Paleogene radiation of Typotheria and it is necessary to extend the comparison to Eocene notoungulates. Finally, in a morphofunctional context a plantigrade foot posture is inferred for the specimens here reported. These observations have the potential to provide functional proxies for paleoecological reconstructions to be applied to the study of the early radiation of these notoungulate faunas.Fil: Armella, Matías Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Lopez, Daniel Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; ArgentinaFil: Babot, María Judith. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Deraco, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, Claudia Marcela Reina. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Saade, Luis Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; ArgentinaFil: Bertelli, Sara Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; Argentin

In vitro Cytotoxicity of Norditerpenoid Alkaloids

Forty-three norditerpenoid alkaloids isolated from Aconitum, Delphinium and Consolida species have been evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on the tumor cell lines CT26 (murine colon adenocarcinoma), SW480 (human colon adenocarcinoma), HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma), SkMel25 (human melanoma) and SkMel28 (human malignant melanoma) with several multidrug resistance mechanisms and the non-tumor cell line CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells). Neoline (5), 8-O-methylcolumbianine (6), 1,14-diacetylcardiopetaline (9), 18-O-demethylpubescenine (13), 14-deacetylpubescenine (14), pubescenine (15), 14-deacetylajadine (25), lycoctonine (26), browniine (28), delphatine (29), dehydrotakaosamine (34), and ajadelphinine (37) exhibited selective cytotoxicity to cancerous versus non-cancerous cells. Some of these compounds had an irreversible effect on SW480 (5, 15, 25, 26, and 34), HeLa (15, 34, and 37) and SkMel25 (15 and 34) cell lines. In order to gain insights into the mechanism of irreversible cytotoxic action of these compounds we compared the cell viability by means of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and the acid phosphatase (AP) methods. Our results suggest that the effects of these compounds could be related to the inhibition of ATP production