El guitarrito chileno

137 p

Postoperative speech therapy intervention of the lingual frenulum in children, adolescents and adults. Integrative literature review

En los últimos años ha existido un aumento significativo en el diagnóstico de la anquiloglosia, las cirugías del frenillo lingual y las publicaciones científicas. Al respecto, es necesario que los profesionales de la salud conozcan el tratamiento logopédico o fonoaudiológico en estos casos. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la intervención logopédica implementada en niños, adolescentes y adultos luego de la frenotomía, frenectomía o frenuloplastia lingual, mediante una revisión integradora de literatura. Para esto, durante el segundo trimestre del 2020 las bases de datos electrónicas PUBMED, LILACS, SciELO y Cochrane, fueron consultadas utilizando las palabras claves en inglés: “Ankyloglossia”, “Tongue Tie”, “Lingual Frenulum”, “Lingual Frenum”, “Surgical Procedures”, “Frenuloplasty”, “Lingual Frenulectomy”, “Speech Therapy” y “Myofunctional Therapy”. Se seleccionaron artículos originales relacionados al tema, y fue creado un protocolo específico para la extracción de los datos. Fueron encontrados 798 artículos. 39 se incluyeron luego de la lectura de los títulos y la eliminación de duplicados, 13 luego de lectura de los resúmenes y 7 luego de la revisión de los textos completos. Finalmente, tras un análisis de referencias cruzadas 10 estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Se concluye la importancia del tratamiento logopédico en el abordaje multidisciplinario del frenillo lingual, abordando aspectos de movilidad lingual, habla, masticación, deglución y otras funciones orofaciales alteradas luego del procedimiento quirúrgicoIn recent years there has been a significant increase in the diagnosis of tongue tie, lingual frenulum surgeries and scientific publications. In this regard, it is necessary for health professionals to know the speech therapy treatment in these cases. The aim of the study was to describe the speech therapy intervention implemented in children, adolescents and adults after frenotomy, frenectomy or lingual frenuloplasty, through an integrative literature review. For this, during the second quarter of 2020 the electronic databases PUBMED, LILACS, SciELO and Cochrane, were consulted using the keywords in English: “Ankyloglossia”, “Tongue Tie”, “Lingual Frenulum”, “Lingual Frenum”, “Surgical Procedures”, “Frenuloplasty”, “Lingual Frenulectomy”, “Speech Therapy” and “Myofunctional Therapy”. Original articles related to the topic were selected, and a specific protocol was created for data extraction. 798 articles were found. 39 were included after reading the titles and eliminating duplicates, 13 after reading the abstracts, and 7 after reviewing the full texts. Finally, after a cross-reference analysis, 10 studies were included in this review. The importance of speech therapy in the multidisciplinary approach to the lingual frenulum is concluded, addressing aspects of lingual mobility, speech, chewing, deglutition and other orofacial functions altered after the surgical procedur

Characterization of feeding in Chilean babies with cleft palate between 0 and 6 months

Los bebés con fisura de paladar manifiestan problemas en las dinámicas de succión, debido a la comunicación entre la cavidad nasal y oral. El objetivo del estudio fuecaracterizar y comparar antecedentes generales y de alimentación en bebés de entre 0 y 6 meses portadores de fisura post-foramen (FPF) y trans-foramen (FTF). Se revisaron registros de atenciones de 36 bebés portadores de FPF y FTF de un hospital público de Chile. Se compararon los datos obtenidos entre los tipos de fisura FPF y FTF usando el software estadístico R. Los días de alimentación por lactancia materna directa fueron en promedio 13.5 días en bebés con FPF y 16.6 días en bebés con FTF. Se constató desnutrición en el 72.7% de los bebés con FPF y 40% de los bebés con FTF. La fórmula láctea y el uso de biberón se presentó en más del 96% de los participantes. La extracción de leche materna alcanzó los 25.2 días en FPF y 48.1 días en FTF. La indicación de métodos de extracción de leche materna, tipo de fórmula y tipo de utensilio para la alimentación fue entregada en su mayoría por un profesional. Se observó que el tiempo de lactancia materna directa fue inferior a otros centros nacionales e internacionales. En tanto, el utensilio más usado fue el biberón y las indicaciones para alimentar fueron otorgadasmayormente por profesionales. Se concluye queno existen diferencias significativas al comparar la alimentación entre ambos tipos de fisuraBabies with cleft palate manifest problems in sucking dynamics, due to the communication between the nasal and oral cavity. The aim of the study was to characterize and compare general and feeding history in babies between 0 and 6 months old with post-foraminal clefts (PFC) and trans-foraminal clefts (TFC). Electronic records of care of 36 babies with PFC and TFC from a public hospital in Chile were reviewed. The data obtained between the PFC and TFC clefts types were compared using the R statistical software. Days of direct breastfeeding averaged 13.5 days in infants with PFC and 16.6 days in infants with TFC. Malnutrition occurs in 72.7% of babies with FPF and 40% of babies with TFC. Milk formula and bottle use were observed in more than 96% of the participants. The extraction of breast milk reached 25.2 days in PFC and 48.1 days in TFC. The indication of breast milk extraction methods, type of formula and type of utensil for feeding was mostly provided by a professional. It is believed that the time of direct breastfeeding was shorter than other national and international centers. The most used utensil was the bottle and the instructions for feeding were given mostly by professionals. It is concluded that there are no significant differences when comparing the feeding between both types of cleft

Analysis of the geometrical influence of ring-opening samples on arterial circumferential residual stress reconstruction

This work consists of analyzing the impact of geometrical features (thickness and curvature) on the estimation of circumferential residual stresses in arteries. For this purpose, a specific sample of lamb abdominal artery is chosen for analysis and, through computational tools based on Python libraries, the stress-free geometry is captured after the ring opening test. Numerical simulations are then used to reconstruct the sample in order to estimate the circumferential residual stresses. Then, four stress-free geometry models are analyzed: an ideal geometry, i.e., constant curvature and thickness; a constant curvature and variable thickness geometry; a variable curvature and constant thickness geometry; and a variable curvature and thickness geometry. The numerical results show that models perform well from a geometric point of view, where the most different feature was the closed outer perimeter that differs about 14% from the closed real sample. As far as residual stress is concerned, differences up to 198% were found in more realistic models taking a constant curvature and thickness model as reference. Thus, the analysis of a realistic geometry with highly variable curvature and thickness can introduce, compared to an idealized geometry, significant differences in the estimation of residual stresses. This could indicate that the characterization of arterial residual stresses is not sufficient when considering only the opening angle and, therefore, it is also necessary to incorporate more geometrical variables

Wrinkling on Stimuli-Responsive Functional Polymer Surfaces as a Promising Strategy for the Preparation of Effective Antibacterial/Antibiofouling Surfaces

Biocompatible smart interfaces play a crucial role in biomedical or tissue engineering applications, where their ability to actively change their conformation or physico-chemical properties permits finely tuning their surface attributes. Polyelectrolytes, such as acrylic acid, are a particular type of smart polymers that present pH responsiveness. This work aims to fabricate stable hydrogel films with reversible pH responsiveness that could spontaneously form wrinkled surface patterns. For this purpose, the photosensitive reaction mixtures were deposited via spin-coating over functionalized glasses. Following vacuum, UV, or either plasma treatments, it is possible to spontaneously form wrinkles, which could increase cell adherence. The pH responsiveness of the material was evaluated, observing an abrupt variation in the film thickness as a function of the environmental pH. Moreover, the presence of the carboxylic acid functional groups at the interface was evidenced by analyzing the adsorption/desorption capacity using methylene blue as a cationic dye model. The results demonstrated that increasing the acrylic acid in the microwrinkled hydrogel effectively improved the adsorption and release capacity and the ability of the carboxylic groups to establish ionic interactions with methylene blue. Finally, the role of the acrylic acid groups and the surface topography (smooth or wrinkled) on the final antibacterial properties were investigated, demonstrating their efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria model strains (E. coli and S. Aureus). According to our findings, microwrinkled hydrogels presented excellent antibacterial properties improving the results obtained for planar (smooth) hydrogels