Sensory neurons are required for migration and axon pathfinding of relay motor neurons

The confluence Genil-Guadalquivir in Palma del Río (Córdoba), shows a system composed by four terraces of the Upper and Middle Pleistocene and two episodes of colluvial deposits. The Paleolithic sites (Acheulean and Middle Paleolithic) are linked to lateral bars and colluviums

Void formation by thermal stress concentration at twin interfaces in Cu thin films

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:13450281・基盤研究(B)(2) ・H13～H15/研究代表者:小池, 淳一/超高速LSI用Cu配線におけるボイド形成機構の研究

Void formation by thermal stress concentration at twin interfaces in Cu thin films

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:13450281・基盤研究(B)(2) ・H13～H15/研究代表者:小池, 淳一/超高速LSI用Cu配線におけるボイド形成機構の研究

Advantages of radial volumetric breath-hold examination (VIBE) with k-space weighted image contrast reconstruction (KWIC) over Cartesian VIBE in liver imaging of volunteers simulating inadequate or no breath-holding ability

To investigate the superiority of radial volumetric breath-hold examination (r-VIBE) with k-space weighted image contrast reconstruction (KWIC) over Cartesian VIBE (c-VIBE) for reducing motion artefacts. We acquired r-VIBE-KWIC and c-VIBE images in 10 healthy volunteers. Each acquisition lasted 24 seconds. The volunteers held their breath for decreasing lengths of time during the acquisitions, from 24 to 0 seconds (protocols A-E). Magnetic resonance images at the level of the right portal vein and confluence of hepatic veins were assessed by two readers using a five-point scale with a higher number indicating a better study. The mean scores for the complete r-VIBE-KWIC series (r-VIBEfull) and first r-VIBE-KWIC series (r-VIBE1) were not significantly lower than those for c-VIBE in any protocols. The mean scores for c-VIBE were lower than those for r-VIBEfull and r-VIBE1 in protocols C and D. The mean score for c-VIBE was lower than that for r-VIBEfull in protocol E. The mean score for the eighth r-VIBE-KWIC series (r-VIBE8) was lower than that for c-VIBE only in protocol B. r-VIBE-KWIC minimised artefacts relative to c-VIBE at any slice location. The r-VIBE-KWIC's sub-frame images during the breath-holding period were hardly affected by another failed breath-holding period. aEuro cent A two-reader study revealed r-VIBE-KWIC's advantages over c-VIBE aEuro cent The image quality of r-VIBE-KWIC's sub-frame images was maintained during breath holding aEuro cent Full-frame r-VIBE-KWIC images minimized motion artefacts caused by breathing aEuro cent A complete breath holding over half the acquisition time is recommended for c-VIBE aEuro cent c-VIBE was susceptible to respiratory motion especially in the subphrenic region.ArticleEUROPEAN RADIOLOGY.26(8):2790-2797(2016)journal articl

上肢の関節可動域が制限される人のためのエプロン提案 : 着脱動作分析による検証

加齢や障がいにより関節可動域が狭くなると、後ろで紐を結ぶタイプのエプロンは着用が困難となる。本研究では、上肢の動きを制限された人でも簡単に着脱できるエプロンを提案し、着脱時の負担を軽減できるかどうかを検証するため、着脱時の関節の動き、筋肉への負担を一般的なエプロンと比較した。紐を後ろで結ぶ一般的なタイプの「レギュラーエプロン」と市販のエプロンホルダーを使用したワンタッチで着脱できる金城学院ファッション工房の「オリジナルエプロン」を同じ布地で製作した。健康な女子大学生10名を被験者とし、上肢4か所と僧帽筋の筋電図を記録し、筋電積分値から着脱時の筋肉への負荷量を比較した。被験者の前方・右側面の2 方向から着脱動作を撮影し、各ポイント（手首、肘、肩）の上下・左右・前後方向の動きを解析した。着脱時間は、オリジナルエプロンの方がかなり短かった。オリジナルエプロンの筋電積分値は、レギュラーエプロンの10～20％であった。手首の動きをみると、レギュラーエプロンでは、前方と後方だけでなく、上方にも大きく動いているが、オリジナルエプロンでは上下移動はほとんどなく、わずかに後方へ動いているだけであった。各部位の最大移動距離を比較すると、いずれの部位でもレギュラーエプロンの方が有意に大きかった。以上より、オリジナルエプロンは、レギュラーエプロンに比べて小さな動きで、短時間で着脱することができ、筋肉への負担も小さいことが確かめられた

若年女性の香りに対する意識と実態

若年女性が香りに対してどのような意識を持ち、香り付き商品を使っているのかを明らかにするために、アンケート調査を実施した。調査内容は、香りへの興味、居住空間における香り付け、香り付き商品の使用頻度、日用品の選択において香り付きを選択するか、香り付き商品の購入基準や使用目的などであった。公的自意識、ファッション意識を同時に尋ね、香りへの意識や行動との関連を分析した。その結果、若年女性の多くは香りに興味があり、目的に合わせて香り付き商品を選択し、使用している実態が明らかになった。ファッション意識をタイプ別に分けて香りへの意識・行動を分析した結果、公的自意識が高い人ほど、ファッション意識が高く、流行を意識しており、自分から香りがするのが好きであった。ファション意識の高い女性は、すでに香りをファッションの一部として上手に取り入れて楽しんでいる。若年女性の多くは香りに興味を持っており、今後ますますファッションとして香りを活用する人が増えていくと考えられる

Hoxb1 Controls Anteroposterior Identity of Vestibular Projection Neurons

The vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) consists of a collection of sensory relay nuclei that integrates and relays information essential for coordination of eye movements, balance, and posture. Spanning the majority of the hindbrain alar plate, the rhombomere (r) origin and projection pattern of the VNC have been characterized in descriptive works using neuroanatomical tracing. However, neither the molecular identity nor developmental regulation of individual nucleus of the VNC has been determined. To begin to address this issue, we found that Hoxb1 is required for the anterior-posterior (AP) identity of precursors that contribute to the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN). Using a gene-targeted Hoxb1-GFP reporter in the mouse, we show that the LVN precursors originate exclusively from r4 and project to the spinal cord in the stereotypic pattern of the lateral vestibulospinal tract that provides input into spinal motoneurons driving extensor muscles of the limb. The r4-derived LVN precursors express the transcription factors Phox2a and Lbx1, and the glutamatergic marker Vglut2, which together defines them as dB2 neurons. Loss of Hoxb1 function does not alter the glutamatergic phenotype of dB2 neurons, but alters their stereotyped spinal cord projection. Moreover, at the expense of Phox2a, the glutamatergic determinants Lmx1b and Tlx3 were ectopically expressed by dB2 neurons. Our study suggests that the Hox genes determine the AP identity and diversity of vestibular precursors, including their output target, by coordinating the expression of neurotransmitter determinant and target selection properties along the AP axis

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target