Oncologic outcomes following surgical management of clinical stage II sex cord stromal tumors

Objective To investigate the clinical history of patients with clinical stage II sex cord stromal tumors who underwent RPLND at our institution. Methods Our prospectively maintained testicular cancer database was queried to identify patients who presented with or developed clinical stage II sex cord stromal tumors and underwent RPLND at our institution between 1980 and 2018. Demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier curves were graphed to assess recurrence-free and overall survival. Results Fourteen patients were included in the study with a median age of 44.2 years. Four patients presented with clinical stage II disease and 10 patients developed metastatic disease during follow-up of initial clinical stage I disease with a median time to metastasis of 2.7 years (range: 0.4-19.5 years). Of the 10 patients with orchiectomy pathology data available, all patients had at least 1 risk factor on testis pathology (mean: 2.9 risk factors). Nine patients received treatment prior to referral to our institution. All patients recurred post-RPLND at Indiana University. Median recurrence-free survival was 9.8 months. Twelve patients died of disease with a median overall survival of 14.4 months. Conclusions Metastatic sex cord stromal tumors are rare and are more resistant to standard treatment modalities than metastatic germ cell tumors. Patients presenting with sex cord stromal tumors should consider prophylactic primary RPLND in the setting of one or more pathological predictor of malignancy

New concepts in global wargaming

This report addresses resurgence in wargaming and new techniques used to address complex political-military issues. Relationships between gaming and analysis are examined and benefits, opportunities, and drawbacks of gaming addressed. Requirements for Control Team in modern computer-assisted State and Path games and seminar games are discussed. Authors conclude with the value of modern simulation techniqueshttp://archive.org/details/newconceptsinglo00tritN

Revising the role of the history of mathematics in post-pandemic world

In this short philosophical and discursive paper, the main objective is to reassess a new emergent role of the history of mathematics in order to bring about greater diversity and engagement in the mathematical sciences. The discussion is based around the project undertaken at a North London university and their partner pre-university college, which piloted the larger national project in the UK in the local context. The success of the project, it is further suggested, would greatly benefit from a framework in which the history of mathematics as a humanistic discipline is closely related to viewing mathematics as a virtuous practice. We also include a short summary about the lives and careers of two Serbian mathematicians, Judita Cofman, and Milica Ilić-Dajović, to showcase how learning about the ways in which marginalisation takes place can help students position themselves and contextualise their priorities as they enter the professional mathematics landscape

Efficient Esterification of Oxidized l-Glutathione and Other Small Peptides

xidized l-glutathione was esterified to the tetra methyl ester using thionyl chloride in methanol solvent. Other alcohols were tested and the reaction progress was monitored via ESI-MS. This procedure proved to be compatible with other small peptides not containing serine and cysteine residues. In contrast to previously reported methods this procedure provided convenient access to esterified peptides requiring no purification, extended reaction times, or complicated reaction setups