Innate lymphoid cell recovery and occurrence of GvHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Lymphocytes are essential for microbial immunity, tumor surveillance, and tissue homeostasis. However, the in vivo development and function of helper-like innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in humans remain much less well understood than those of T, B, and NK cells. We monitored hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to determine the kinetics of ILC development in both children and adults. It was found that, unlike NK cells, helper-like ILCs recovered slowly, mirroring the pattern observed for T cells, with normalization achieved at 1 year. The type of graft and the proportion of CD34+ cells in the graft did not significantly affect ILC reconstitution. As HSCT is often complicated by acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the potential role of ILC subsets in maintaining tissue integrity in these conditions was also analyzed. It was found that GVHD was associated with lower levels of activated and gut-homing NKp44+ ILCP, consistent with a non-redundant role of this ILC subset in preventing this life-threatening disorder in lymphopenic conditions.Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu

Focal Adhesion Kinase-Dependent Role of the Soluble Form of Neurotensin Receptor-3/Sortilin in Colorectal Cancer Cell Dissociation

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Impairement of HT29 Cancer Cells Cohesion by the Soluble Form of Neurotensin Receptor-3.

International audienceThe neurotensin (NT) receptor-3 (NTSR3), also called sortilin is a multifunctional protein localized at the intracellular and plasma membrane level. The extracellular domain of NTSR3 (sNTSR3) is released by shedding from several cell lines including colonic cancer cells. This soluble protein acts as an active ligand through its ability to bind, to be internalized in the human adenocarcinoma epithelial HT29 cells and to stimulate the PI3 kinase pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate cellular responses induced by sNTSR3 in HT29 cells. The cellular functions of sNTSR3 were monitored by immunofluocytochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative PCR in order to characterize the cell shape and the expression of adhesion proteins. We evidenced that sNTSR3 significantly regulates the cellular morphology as well as the cell-cell and the cell-matrix adherens properties by decreasing the expession of several integrins and by modifying the structure of desmosomes. Altogether, these properties lead to an increase of cell detachment upon sNTSR3 treatment on HT29, HCT116 and SW620 cancer cells. Our results indicate that sNTSR3 may induce the first phase of a process which weaken HT29 epithelial properties including desmosome architecture, cell spreading, and initiation of cell separation, all events which could be responsible for cancer metastasis

Impairement of HT29 cancer cells cohesion by the soluble form of neurotensin receptor-3

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Ventral Tegmental Area Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptors Control Voluntary Exercise Performance

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Innate lymphoid cell recovery and occurrence of GvHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

International audienceLymphocytes are essential for microbial immunity, tumor surveillance, and tissue homeostasis. However, the in vivo development and function of helper-like innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in humans remain much less well understood than those of T, B, and NK cells. We monitored hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to determine the kinetics of ILC development in both children and adults. It was found that, unlike NK cells, helper-like ILCs recovered slowly, mirroring the pattern observed for T cells, with normalization achieved at 1 year. The type of graft and the proportion of CD34+ cells in the graft did not significantly affect ILC reconstitution. As HSCT is often complicated by acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the potential role of ILC subsets in maintaining tissue integrity in these conditions was also analyzed. It was found that GVHD was associated with lower levels of activated and gut-homing NKp44+ ILCP, consistent with a non-redundant role of this ILC subset in preventing this life-threatening disorder in lymphopenic conditions

Risk-Taking Behaviors of Adult Bedridden Patients in Neurosurgery: What Could/Should We Do?

International audienceRisk-taking behaviors of adult bedridden patients in neurosurgery are frequent, however little analyzed. We aimed to estimate from the literature and our clinical experience the incidence of the different clinical pictures. Risk-taking behaviors seem to be more frequent than reported. They are often minor, but they can lead to death, irrespective of the prescription of physical or chemical constraints. We also aimed to contextualize the risks, and to describe the means reducing the consequences for the patients. Two main conditions were identified, the loss of awareness of risk-taking behaviors by the patient, and uncontrolled body motions. Besides, current experience feedback analyses and new non-exclusive technological solutions could limit the complications, while improving prevention with wearable systems, neighborhood sensors, or room monitoring and service robots. Further research is mandatory to develop efficient and reliable systems avoiding complications and saving lives. Ethical and legal issues must also be accounted for, notably concerning the privacy of patients and caregivers