The shaping of knowledge: communication of meaning through museum exhibition design / Shamsidar Ahmad … [et al.]

The primary objective of museum management in shaping of knowledge can be achieved by a communication of meaning through quality displays of the permanent collection or temporary exhibitions, the specimens of a continent or the interactive apparatus of science. This paper looks at research derived primarily from the museum scholars and experts with academics working in the field of visitor studies towards developing exhibits that facilitated visitor learning. These findings are recast the approach in order to offer an integrated framework for visitor behavior has implications for service management of the service encounter at the museum in Malaysia

Structure and age-dependent development of the turkey liver: a comparative study of a highly selected meat-type and a wild-type turkey line

In this study the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the liver of a fast growing, meat-type turkey line (British United turkeys BUT Big 6, n = 25) and a wild-type turkey line (Wild Canadian turkey, n = 48) were compared at the age of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wk. Because the growth plates of long bones were still detectable in the 20-week-old wild-type turkeys, indicating immaturity, a group of 8 wild-type turkeys at the age of 24 wk was included in the original scope of the study. Over the term of the study, the body and liver weights of birds from the meat-type turkey line increased at a faster rate than those of the wild-type turkey line. However, the relative liver weight of the meat-type turkeys declined (from 2.7 to 0.9%) to a greater extent than that of the wild-type turkeys (from 2.8 to 1.9%), suggesting a mismatch in development between muscle weights and liver weights of the meat-type turkeys. Signs of high levels of fat storage in the liver were detected in both lines but were greater in the wild-type turkey line, suggesting a better feed conversion by the extreme-genotype birds i.e., meat-type birds. For the first time, this study presents morphologic data on the structure and arrangement of the lymphatic tissue within the healthy turkey liver, describing two different types of lymphatic aggregations within the liver parenchyma, i.e., aggregations with and without fibrous capsules. Despite differences during development, both adult meat-type and adult wild-type turkeys had similar numbers of lymphatic aggregations

Large eddy simulation of hydrogen-air propagating flames

The future use of hydrogen as a clean fuel and an energy carrier brings in safety issues that have to be addressed before community acceptance can be achieved. In this regard, availability of accurate modeling techniques is very useful. This paper presents large eddy simulations (LES) of propagating turbulent premixed flames of hydrogen-air mixtures in a laboratory scale combustion chamber. A Dynamic flame surface density (DFSD) model where the reaction rate is coupled with the fractal analysis of the flame front structure, is implemented and tested. The fractal dimension is evaluated dynamically based on the instantaneous flow field. The main focus of the current work is to establish the LES technique as a good numerical tool to calculate turbulent premixed hydrogen flames having an equivalence ratio of 0.7. Developing this capability has practical importance in analyzing explosion hazards, internal combustion engines and gas turbine combustors. The results obtained with the DFSD model are compare well with published experimental data. Further investigations are planned to examine and validate the LES-DFSD model for different flow geometries with hydrogen combustion

Recognizing Different Foot Deformities Using FSR Sensors by Static Classification of Neural Networks

تُعَدُّ أنظمة النعال الحسّاسة للحركة تقنية واعدة للعديد من التطبيقات في الرعاية الصحية والرياضة. حيث يمكن أن توفّر هذه الأنظمة معلومات قيّمة حول توزيع الضغط على القدم وأنماط المشي لأفراد مختلفين. ومع ذلك، فإن تصميم وتنفيذ مثل هذه الأنظمة يواجه العديد من التحديات، مثل اختيار الحسّاسات والمعايرة ومعالجة البيانات والتفسير. في هذه الدراسة، نقترح نظام نعل حساس باستخدام مقاومات استشعار القوى  لقياس الضغط المطبّق من القدم على مناطق مختلفة من النعل. يقوم هذا النظام بتصنيف أربعة أنواع من تشوهات القدم: طبيعي، مسطح، انحراف القدم إلى الداخل، وزيادة انحراف القدم إلى الخارج. تستخدم مرحلة التصنيف قيم الضغط الفرقية على نقاط الضغط كمدخلات لنموذج التغذية الأمامية للشبكات العصبية. تم جمع البيانات من 60 فرداً تم تشخيصهم بالحالات المدروسة. حقق تنفيذ التغذية الأمامية للشبكات العصبية دقة بنسبة 96.6٪ باستخدام 50٪ من المجموعة البيانية كبيانات تدريبية و 92.8٪ باستخدام 30٪ من البيانات التدريبية فقط. ويوضح المقارنة مع الأعمال ذات الصلة الأثر الإيجابي لاستخدام القيم الفرق لنقاط الضغط كمدخلات للشبكات العصبية مقارنة بالبيانات الأولية.Sensing insole systems are a promising technology for various applications in healthcare and sports. They can provide valuable information about the foot pressure distribution and gait patterns of different individuals. However, designing and implementing such systems poses several challenges, such as sensor selection, calibration, data processing, and interpretation. This paper proposes a sensing insole system that uses force-sensitive resistors (FSRs) to measure the pressure exerted by the foot on different regions of the insole. This system classifies four types of foot deformities: normal, flat, over-pronation, and excessive supination. The classification stage uses the differential values of pressure points as input for a feedforward neural network (FNN) model. Data acquisition involved 60 subjects diagnosed with the studied cases. The implementation of FNN achieved an accuracy of 96.6% using 50% of the dataset as training data and 92.8% using only 30% training data. The comparison with related work shows good impact of using the differential values of pressure points as input for neural networks compared with raw data

A Multi–Objective Gaining–Sharing Knowledge-Based Optimization Algorithm for Solving Engineering Problems

Metaheuristics in recent years has proven its effectiveness; however, robust algorithms that can solve real-world problems are always needed. In this paper, we suggest the first extended version of the recently introduced gaining–sharing knowledge optimization (GSK) algorithm, named multiobjective gaining–sharing knowledge optimization (MOGSK), to deal with multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). MOGSK employs an external archive population to store the nondominated solutions generated thus far, with the aim of guiding the solutions during the exploration process. Furthermore, fast nondominated sorting with crowding distance was incorporated to sustain the diversity of the solutions and ensure the convergence towards the Pareto optimal set, while the e- dominance relation was used to update the archive population solutions. e-dominance helps provide a good boost to diversity, coverage, and convergence overall. The validation of the proposed MOGSK was conducted using five biobjective (ZDT) and seven three-objective test functions (DTLZ) problems, along with the recently introduced CEC 2021, with fifty-five test problems in total, including power electronics, process design and synthesis, mechanical design, chemical engineering, and power system optimization. The proposed MOGSK was compared with seven existing optimization algorithms, including MOEAD, eMOEA, MOPSO, NSGAII, SPEA2, KnEA, and GrEA. The experimental findings show the good behavior of our proposed MOGSK against the comparative algorithms in particular real-world optimization problems

A qualitative and quantitative macroscopic and microscopic study

The transition to using dual-purpose chickens is an alternative to killing male hatchlings of high performance egg-laying chickens. This study aimed to compare the gastrointestinal tract of a recently developed genetic line of dual purpose male chicken, Lohmann Dual (LD), with that of a broiler line, Ross 308. Eighty birds from each line were grown until they reached an average body weight 2000 g (5 weeks for Ross and 9 for LD birds). Six birds of each line were sampled weekly. Body weight (BW), normalized mass of gastrointestinal segments and relative length of intestine were determined. Histologically the villus height, epithelium height, crypt depth, mucosal enlargement factor and the tunica muscularis thickness were measured in jejunum and ileum. Data were regressed against body weight and genetic line. Jejunal enterocyte microvilli and junctional complexes length were measured. Normalized mass and relative length of the gastrointestinal segments were greater in LD birds than in Ross birds at all ages. After day 7 these decreased steadily over the lifetime of the birds in both genetic lines. The growth curves of the gastrointestinal segments of the LD birds were similar to those of the Ross birds. In birds of the same BW, LD birds had a significantly heavier gizzard, shorter intestine, higher jejunal villi, thicker ileal tunica muscularis and smaller ileal mucosal enlargement factor than were found in Ross birds. The large gizzard in LD chickens presumably increases the degree of food processing and enhances availability of nutrients in the orad part of the intestine leading to a lower nutrient concentration and a smaller absorption surface area in the ileum of the LD compared to the Ross chickens. The anatomical differences between the two lines are important criteria for further selection and should be considered in their feeding management

Relationship between total carbon, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio on growth, sporulation rate and δ-endotoxin synthesis of Bacillus thuringiensis.

The relationship between intracellular and extracellular total carbon, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio on Bacillus thuringiensis MPK13 growth, sporulation rate and d-endotoxin synthesis were carried out in shake flask using different types of carbon (glucose, galactose, sucrose, lactose and maltose) and nitrogen (yeast extract) sources. The highest initial intracellular TC (5.15 g/L) and intracellular TN (1.45 g/L) were recorded in medium containing glucose. On the other hand, the highest initial extracellular TC (34.54 g/L) and TN (7.61 g/L) were recorded in medium containing maltose and lactose, respectively. At 48 h of cultivation, the highest final intracellular TC (11.96 g/L) and intracellular TN (3.26 g/L) were also recorded in medium containing glucose. The highest final extracellular TC (27.85 g/L) and TN (7.27 g/L) were recorded in medium containing galactose which showed the lowest growth and sporulation. The presence of d-endotoxin was only detected at 48 h of cultivation using medium containing glucose. The result indicated that high initial intracellular TC and TN values during the cultivation anticipated in high cell growth, sporulation and d-endotoxin production and may be used for indirect measurement of cultivation performance for B. thuringiensis

Basic morphometry, microcomputed tomography and mechanical evaluation of the tibiotarsal bone of a dual-purpose and a broiler chicken line

Continuous loading of the skeleton by the body’s weight is an important factor in establishing and maintaining bone morphology, architecture and strength. However, in fast-growing chickens the appendicular skeleton growth is suboptimal making these chickens predisposed to skeletal mineralization disorders and fractures. This study compared the macro- and microstructure as well as the mechanical properties of the tibiotarsus of a novel dual-purpose, Lohmann Dual (LD) and a highly developed broiler, Ross (Ross 308) chicken line. Eighty one-day-old male chicks of each line were grown until their body weight (BW) reached 2000g. Starting at the day of hatching, six birds of each line were sampled weekly. The weight, length and width of the tibiotarsus were measured and its mechanical properties (rigidity, M-Max and the M-fracture) were evaluated using the three-point bending test. Additionally, the mineral density of both, trabecular and cortical bone, the bone volume fraction, the trabecular number, thickness and separation plus cortical thickness of both chicken lines were analyzed using microcomputed tomography. The growth of the tibiotarsus in both chicken lines followed a similar pattern. At the same age, the lighter LD chickens had shorter, thinner and lighter tibiotarsi than those of Ross chickens. However, the LD chickens had a similar cortical thickness, bone volume fraction and similar mineral density of both trabecular and cortical bone to that of Ross chickens. Furthermore, the tibiotarsus of LD chickens was longer, heavier and wider than those of Ross chickens of the same BW. In addition the rigidity of the LD tibiotarsus was greater than that of Ross chickens. This suggests that the tibiotarsus of LD chickens had more bending resistance than those of Ross chickens of the same BW. Consequently, fattening LD chickens to the marketable weight should not affect their leg skeleton stability

Genotypic characterization of Malaysian human isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from carriage and clinical sources

This study characterized carriage and clinical pneumococcal isolates for serotypes, penicillin susceptibility, virulence genes and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes. DNA fingerprint of isolates was generated by BOX-PCR. Majority of serotypes were 23F followed by 19F, 19A and 6A. Twenty-four percent of isolates were penicillin non-susceptible (PNSP). All of the targeted virulence genes were detected in all isolates with the exception of pili; 20.6% (n = 22) for PI-1 and 14.0% (n = 15) for PI-2. Of the 13 isolates which carried both PI-1 and PI-2, 10 were of clinical origin. Digested pbp-DNA produced three PBP-RFLP profiles for pbp1a (A1 to A3), six profiles for pbp2b (B1 to B6) and seven for pbp2x (X1 to X7) mostly in PNSPs. Based on BOX-PCR analysis, the majority of isolates were genetically diverse with a small number of potentially related isolates carrying pili genes. No obvious genotypic association was observed pertaining to carriage and clinical origin of isolates

THE CLINICAL BENEFIT OF SERUM PROCALCITONIN LEVELAS COMPARED TO BISAP SCORING SYSTEM FOR PREDICTINGTHE SEVERITY AND PROGNOSIS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS

Background: Early accurate severity assessment of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) is cruicial to decide on the acute management and predict outcomes and prognosis.This is done through multiple scoring systems of which serum procalcitonin (PCT) and BISAP has shown promising results. However,data comparing these methods is still conflicting. Objectives: we aim to assess the role of PCT as a sole indicator and compare it to BISAP in determining severity and prognosis of AP. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all AP cases between June 2012 and February 2017 at Makassed General Hospital, with at least one reading of PCT documented in records. Data regarding patients’ demographics and outcomes were collected. Procalcitonin levels and trends were compared to severity classes and BISAP scores regarding various outcomes of AP. Results: Forty-four patients met our inclusion criteria. Based on the revised Atlanta classification, 26 patients had mild, four moderate and 14 severe AP. Mean serum PCT levels were found to correlate with severity classes (1.28 with mild versus 4.81 with moderate-severe AP; P \u3c 0 .0001). This was even more prominent on follow-up testing after 48hours (1.67 vs 12.89 respectively; P=0.01). This proportional relation was again noted with BISAP scores of 0,1 and 2 where the mean PCT was 0.1,5.0 and 19.1 respectively. A trend of decrease in serial PCT was also noted with mild as compared to a trend of rising PCT in moderate-severe AP. Conclusion: Initial and serial PCT levels directly correlated with disease severity and might offer significant additional prognostic value in AP