Don Quijote, novelista constructor de personajes

In Don Quixote the task of character constructon, properly the narrator's, is to a large extent usurped by the protagonist himself. He appears to rebel against the novelist and the multitude of fictitious authors and creates his own world, conferring names (Don Quixote, Dulcinea, Rocinante) and status (knight, lady, steed) on the characters, and even changing the ones they originally had. Hence, one can conceive the novel as a constant tension between author and protagonist, in which the former repeatedly punishes the latter (deceptions, beatings, final defeat) for refusing to accept the world he had initially proposed to him.In Don Quixote the task of character constructon, properly the narrator's, is to a large extent usurped by the protagonist himself. He appears to rebel against the novelist and the multitude of fictitious authors and creates his own world, conferring names (Don Quixote, Dulcinea, Rocinante) and status (knight, lady, steed) on the characters, and even changing the ones they originally had. Hence, one can conceive the novel as a constant tension between author and protagonist, in which the former repeatedly punishes the latter (deceptions, beatings, final defeat) for refusing to accept the world he had initially proposed to him

The influence of particle size on the intensity and reproducibility of Raman spectra of compacted samples

Given the growing interest in the application of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative purposes in solid pharmaceutical preparations, a revision of the effect of particle size on Raman spectra of compacted samples is presented. For this purpose, a set of tablets of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) of different particle size were prepared. KHP was used because of its purity and stability, which allow to consider that samples will not be altered during measurements; but also because of its chemical structure (aromatic ring and carboxylic groups), that are present in many active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The latter makes possible to consider KHP as a model pseudo-API. As KHP tablets only contain a pure compound, the mapping strategy that was considered for measuring our samples will not be affected by subsampling issues. The spectra variance can be attributed to the intrinsically reproducibility in recording the spectra (which mainly depends on the instrument set-up) and the site-to-site differences in elastic scattering properties. Two different instrumental optics have been studied: a macro-Raman system and a Raman microscope (500 μm and 50 μm laser spot size, respectively). The effect of the spectra preprocessing is also evaluated. The overall results demonstrate raw Raman intensity increases with particle size up to a value that depends on tablet width and that the applied spectral preprocessing (baseline correction and a unit vector normalization), reduces the differences in Raman intensities due to the particle size, but does not completely eliminate it for the lower particle sizes (< 20 μm). For tablets containing particles with predefined sizes, it corrects the mapping site-to-site differences in elastic scattering