Gastroenterology and Hepatology Experts\u27 Views about the Current Information Retrieval Systems and Determining the Characteristics of the Optimal System from Their Point of View

Objective: The ideal goal of any information system is to supply and deliver the information that users need. The aim of this study is to determine gastroenterology and hepatology experts\u27 views about the current information retrieval systems and determining the characteristics of the optimal system from their point of view. Methods: This is qualitative research that has been done phenomenologically. The study population 14 gastroenterology and hepatology experts. The data collection tool was a free interview in a non-structured way. Colaizzi\u27s descriptive phenomenological method was used to collect data. Results: The problems were classified into 3 categories, 15 general themes, and 31 sub-themes. The optimal information retrieval systems were classified into 4 categories, 12 general themes, and 41 sub-themes. Conclusions: The success of information retrieval systems, especially in the field of medical sciences, depends on considering various dimensions that not paying attention to them can lead to dissatisfaction of end-users of the system and ultimately the failure of the retrieval system. Therefore, it is suggested that information retrieval system design be done by developers under the characteristics of the optimal information retrieval system by gastroenterology and hepatology expert

Critical rationalism and macrosociology of globalisation

Phd ThesisThis thesis employs Critical Rationalism—an inter-subjective theory of rationality originated in Karl Popper’s conjectural theory of knowledge— in order to develop a new macrosociology of globalisation. It describes contemporary globalisation as the formation of a liberal globality through which the centrality of the Hobbesian struggle for political power has been superseded with the Lockean competition for economic interests. But the thesis argues that liberal globalisation suffers from fundamental societal deficits due to a global organisation of people based on economic competition rather than rational dialogue and social cooperation. The central question of thesis therefore is that ‘how emerging utilitarian-based liberal globality can be transformed into a global society of free and equal citizens?’ The thesis argues that people’s potential access to critical rationality enables them to agree upon one set of globally shared values concerning the equality of people and people-centric global institutions, which are required for creating a global society of free and equal citizens. Through its macrosociological analysis the thesis addresses the question of how such a system of globally shared values can operate as the cultural driving force of a radical global institutional change from the Lockean logic of economic competition to the Kantian logic of dialogue and social cooperation. The thesis concludes that intellectuals can employ the ideal-type of an open global society of free and equal persons in order to persuade global social movements to work for realising such a fundamental global institutional change towards a just and free global society

Conceptual framework of information retrieval system in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology

Background and aims: Optimal information retrieval is one of the components of achieving evidence-based medicine. This study aimed to present the Conceptual framework of information retrieval system in the field of Gastroenterology and hepatology. Methods: Based on the previous two studies, the characteristics of the optimal information retrieval system from the perspective of gastroenterologists and hepatologists and the most important approaches and technologies used in the design of information retrieval systems in medical sciences have been used in designing the proposed conceptual framework. Results: The conceptual framework of the information retrieval system in the gastroenterology and hepatology was presented in 4 sections and the technical and content features were presented in each section. Conclusions: Considering the comparison of this research with other researches in the field of frameworks and conceptual models of retrieval systems, special needs of users and using methods of personalization of information as well as conceptual mapping of resources have been the most important differences with other researches

Prevalence of Color Blindness in Iranian Students: A Meta-analysis

Color blindness (color vision deficiency) is a disorder that impairs the true perception of colors. Using the information in this study, appropriate policy can be made to identify high-risk groups, as well as educational policies for families to perform more effective genetic diagnosis methods. This study aims to examine the prevalence of color blindness in Iranian students through a meta-analysis. Articles related to color blindness published between January 1990 and December 2020 were searched in Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (WoS), Science Direct, Embase, SID, MagIran, IranDoc, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords used were based on medical subject topics (MeSH Terms) and, after careful review, articles were selected according to varied sections of Participants, Exposure, Comparison, and Outcomes (PECO). Participants: students; Exposure: students with color blindness were examined; Comparison: Students from multiple provinces and regions of Iran were surveyed for color blindness; Outcomes: the pooled prevalence of color blindness in Iranian students reported from different provinces. The prevalence of color blindness in Iranian students was 3.8% (95% CI: 2.7–5.4%). The pooled prevalence of color blindness in Iranian male and female students was 4.7% (95% CI: 3.5–6.4%) and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3–1.3%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of red–green color blindness (Tritan) was 41.7% (95% CI: 18.9–68.8%). The pooled prevalence of red color blindness (Protan) was 13.9% (95% CI: 7.8–23.8%), and the pooled prevalence of green color blindness (Deutan) based on meta-analysis was 45.3% (95% CI: 29–62.7%). Due to the high prevalence of color blindness in students, especially male students, it is necessary to be screened for through genetic tests in couples before having children