Classification of colon biopsy samples by spatial analysis of a single spectral band from its hyperspectral cube

The histopathological analysis of colon biopsy samples is a very important part of screening for colorectal cancer. There is, however, significant inter-observer and even intra-observer variability in the results of such analysis due to its very subjective nature. Therefore, quantitative methods are required for the analysis of histopathological images to aid the histopatholgists in their diagnosis. In this paper, we exploit the shape and structure of the gland nuclei cells for the classification of colon biopsy samples using two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We conclude that the use of textural features extracted from non-overlapping blocks of the histopathological images results in a non-linear decision boundary which can be efficiently exploited using a SVM with appropriate choice of parameters for its Gaussian kernel. The SVM classifier outperforms all the remaining methods by a clear margin

Multidimensional Inequality and Well-being in Pakistan: Evidence from Household Level Data

The present study investigated changes in multidimensional inequality in Pakistan. The study used Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey datasets for three years 2001-02, 2007-08 and 2013-14. Three welfare distributions such as household per capita expenditures, access to education and health status are used in the study. The study employed Gini index, generalized entropy and stochastic dominance when inequality is measured for each dimension separately. The inequality is the highest in terms of education access. The stochastic dominance criteria demonstrate different orders for three attributes. The composite index is useful but social evolution function is not easy to construct as different formulations are considered. The pair wise technique has very useful policy implication when different attributes of welfare are distributed. The recommendations are made as specific regions or states should be focused where inequality is high. Moreover, efforts should also be made to narrow the skewed distribution of education

Cognitive Experiments and Features for Computing Mental Stress

In this paper, mental stress is computed through cognitive experiments that induce stress. In a controlled laboratory environment, a group of students are involved in a series of mental challenges. While performing the cognitive tasks, stress is induced on the participants. Deep breathing exercise is performed in the start of experiments and then in between each activity to make the conditions normal and a participant feels relaxed. Various physiological features are recorded during experimental activities. Also, cerebral features are recorded that provide improved classification results. The severity of stress is different on each participant but the purpose of experimental protocol is to separate stressful conditions from relaxed environment. Support Vector machine (SVM) is used to identify relax or normal class from a number of stressed classes. It is shown that cerebral features improve the classification accuracy with a satisfactory margin and designed protocol system is able to compute the severity of induced stress

Spatial and Gender Based Comparison of Multidimensional Poverty: Household Level Analysis from Pakistan

The present study examines the multidimensional poverty in Pakistan by using three waves of (PSLM) survey data 2001-02, 2007-08 and 2013-14. Ten indicators such as enrolment, school attendance, immunization, prenatal care, electricity connection, gas, water, sanitation, crowding and assets are used for the measurement of multidimensional poverty. Alkire Foster and binary logistic techniques are employed for the measurement of multidimensional of poverty. Multidimensional poverty is measured at national and provincial, gender and regional level. The incidence of multidimensional poverty in Pakistan is high in rural areas as compared to the urban areas. Punjab province has the lowest while Balochistan province has the highest incidence of multidimensional poverty

Spatial and Gender Based Comparison of Multidimensional Poverty: Household Level Analysis from Pakistan

The present study examines the multidimensional poverty in Pakistan by using three waves of (PSLM) survey data 2001-02, 2007-08 and 2013-14. Ten indicators such as enrolment, school attendance, immunization, prenatal care, electricity connection, gas, water, sanitation, crowding and assets are used for the measurement of multidimensional poverty. Alkire Foster and binary logistic techniques are employed for the measurement of multidimensional of poverty. Multidimensional poverty is measured at national and provincial, gender and regional level. The incidence of multidimensional poverty in Pakistan is high in rural areas as compared to the urban areas. Punjab province has the lowest while Balochistan province has the highest incidence of multidimensional poverty

Design of a Finger Ring Antenna for Wireless Sensor Networks

Body-centric communications have become very active area of research due to ever-growing demand of portability. Advanced applications such as; health monitoring, tele-medicine, identification systems, performance monitoring of athletes, defence systems and personal entertainment are adding to its popularity. In this paper, a novel wearable antenna radiating at 5 GHz for the body-centric wireless sensor networks has been presented. The antenna consists of a conventional microstrip patch mounted on a gold base and could be worn in a finger like a ring. CST Microwave Studio is used for modelling, simulation and optimisation of the antenna. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna has a -10 dB bandwidth of 90.3 MHz with peak gain of 6.9 dBi. Good performance in terms of bandwidth, directivity, gain, return loss and radiation characteristics, along with a miniaturised form factor makes it a very well suited candidate for the body-worn wireless sensor applications

Critical Review of Ibsen’S Female Character Hedda Gabler

My research aims at highlighting the controversy in Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler being a feminist character. Although Ibsen is a renowned Feminist playwright, yet Hedda Gabler is deprived of the true feminist traits and has a number of negative aspects highlighted in her. My purpose in this research is to highlight Ibsen’s female character , Hedda Gabler as a dominant character ruling over others; having no mother-like traits and emotions which makes her a man-like character rather than mother-like. Aim of my research is to justify that Hedda is in no respect appropriate to play a motherly role in the play, as her step of suicide at the end of the play was extremely cruel for her unborn child. The framework of my research is Critical Discourse Analysis. With the help of CDA, I will reveal the hidden ideologies of the character Hedda Gabbler and from text; prove that she has no feminist, rather mother-like traits. Keywords:Dominant, Feminist, Hedda Gabler, mother-like traits, suicide

Dynamic Optimization of Network Routing Problem through Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)

Search Based Software Engineering (SBSE) is a new paradigm of Software engineering, which considers software engineering problems as search problems and emphasizes to find out optimal solution for the given set of available solutions using metaheuristic techniques like hill climbing simulated annealing, evolutionary programming and tabu search. On the other hand AI techniques like Swarm particle optimization and Ant colony optimization (ACO) are used to find out solutions for dynamic problems. SBSE is yet not used for dynamic problems. In this study ACO techniques are applied on SBSE problem by considering Network routing problem as case study, in which the nature of problem is dynamic. Keywords: SBSE, ACO, Metaheuristic search techniques, dynamic optimizatio

Assessment of Professional Learning Community in Private Schools of Lahore

The purpose of the study was to investigate existence of professional learning community (PLC) in five private schools of Lahore. The researcher used an instrument Professional Learning Community Assessment Revised developed and revised by Olivier, Hipp, and Huffman (2010) to collect data from 800 teachers from five private reputed schools of the Lahore. The sample was selected conveniently because of very limited to no access to certain schools. With response rate of 80% and reliability of .951 in local context the data were analyzed. The analysis revealed existence of all dimensions of PLC in all five schools of the Lahore. Supportive condition (structure) was perceived as dominant dimension of the PLC. Insignificant difference was identified between perceptions of male and female teachers. Moreover ANOVA revealed that in Heaven school and Custodian school two dimensions of the PLC, shared and supportive leadership and shared values and vision are practiced better than other three schools: Shining star, Grammar, and Hospitality. This research has identified existence of PLC in private schools of the Lahore and invites researchers to explore the same in public schools and further investigate relationship of PLC with school effectiveness, students’ achievement, teachers’’ professional development and other variables