Evidence for reversible control of magnetization in a ferromagnetic material via spin-orbit magnetic field

Conventional computer electronics creates a dichotomy between how information is processed and how it is stored. Silicon chips process information by controlling the flow of charge through a network of logic gates. This information is then stored, most commonly, by encoding it in the orientation of magnetic domains of a computer hard disk. The key obstacle to a more intimate integration of magnetic materials into devices and circuit processing information is a lack of efficient means to control their magnetization. This is usually achieved with an external magnetic field or by the injection of spin-polarized currents. The latter can be significantly enhanced in materials whose ferromagnetic properties are mediated by charge carriers. Among these materials, conductors lacking spatial inversion symmetry couple charge currents to spin by intrinsic spin-orbit (SO) interactions, inducing nonequilibrium spin polarization tunable by local electric fields. Here we show that magnetization of a ferromagnet can be reversibly manipulated by the SO-induced polarization of carrier spins generated by unpolarized currents. Specifically, we demonstrate domain rotation and hysteretic switching of magnetization between two orthogonal easy axes in a model ferromagnetic semiconductor.Comment: 10 pages including supplemental materia

Nonpharmacological management and psychosocial support for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Compared to that in the Caucasian population, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) incidence rates are very low in Koreans. Therefore, compared to the recent development of pharmacological therapy applicable to Korean children with T1DM, interest in nonpharmacological therapy and psychosocial support systems remains low, as is the development of Korean-style T1DM education programs for therapeutic application. Children who have been newly diagnosed with diabetes are placed in completely new environments for treatment. For appropriate control of diabetes, patients have to self-monitor blood glucose levels and inject insulin several times a day and must use extreme self-control when they eat foods to avoid increases in blood glucose levels. Blood glucose excursions resulting from impaired pancreatic β cell functions cause mental stress due to vague fears of chronic complications of diabetes. In addition, children with diabetes cannot be excluded from the substantial amount of studies required of Korean adolescents, and the absolute shortage of time for ideal control of diabetes adds to their mental stress. Many of these patients are psychologically isolated in school where they spend most of their time, and they are not appropriately considered or supported with respect to blood glucose control in many cases. In this respect, this author will introduce some of the newest views on nonpharmacological therapy and psychosocial support systems that account for important parts of T1DM management and seek measures to apply them in conformity with the social characteristics of Korea

Electrical control of ferromagnetic state

We report experiments where magnetization in GaMnAs ferromagnetic semiconductor is manipulated via strain or electric current. In both cases, charge carrier holes become partially polarized due to the anisotropic modification of holes spectra caused by spin-orbit interactions, and this polarization exerts spin torque sufficient to rotate ferromagnetic domains. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The simulation by Second Life of SMEs start up: The case of New Fashion Perspectives

The aim of the paper is to analyze and discuss the organizational implications of the Virtual Reality (VR) in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) start up. To this purpose the case of the simulated enterprise in the fashion sector New Fashion Perspectives (NFP) will be examined, with its establishment from 2008 in Second Life (SL), one of the most diffused 3D world in last years. In particular the analysis wants to underline the impact of ICT implications on organizational processes and structures according to the networking approach based on the net of relationships that an organization can establish during its cycle of life and mainly in the start up phase