献辞（中間敬文教授古希記念特集）

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This paper describes the analysis and modelling of word usage frequency time series. During one of previous studies, an assumption was put forward that all word usage frequencies have uniform dynamics approaching the shape of a Gaussian function. This assumption can be checked using the frequency dictionaries of the Google Books Ngram database. This database includes 5.2 million books published between 1500 and 2008. The corpus contains over 500 billion words in American English, British English, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Hebrew, and Chinese. We clustered time series of word usage frequencies using a Kohonen neural network. The similarity between input vectors was estimated using several algorithms. As a result of the neural network training procedure, more than ten different forms of time series were found. They describe the dynamics of word usage frequencies from birth to death of individual words. Different groups of word forms were found to have different dynamics of word usage frequency variations

Arctic polar vortex dynamics during winters 2014/2015 and 2020/2021

The dynamic barrier of the polar vortex contributes to lowering the temperature inside the vortex in the lower stratosphere and prevents the penetration of air masses into the vortex. The presence of a dynamic barrier during winter is one of the criteria determining the possibility of ozone depletion from late winter to spring. We considered the dynamics of the Arctic polar vortex in the winters of 2014/2015 and 2020/2021 at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels by the vortex delineation method using the geopotential. In early January 2015 and 2021, sudden stratospheric warmings were recorded as a result of the splitting (4 January 2015) and the significant displacement (5 January 2021) of the polar vortex. In both cases, the weakening of the dynamic barrier of the polar vortex was observed. The polar vortex is characterized by the presence of a dynamic barrier, when the wind speed along the entire edge of the vortex is more than 20, 24 and 30 m/s at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels, respectively. A decrease in the average wind speed along the vortex edge below 30, 36 and 45 m/s, at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels, respectively, usually indicates a local decrease in the wind speed below 20, 24 and 30 m/s at these levels, i.e., indirectly indicates a weakening of the dynamic barrier.The dynamic barrier of the polar vortex contributes to lowering the temperature inside the vortex in the lower stratosphere and prevents the penetration of air masses into the vortex. The presence of a dynamic barrier during winter is one of the criteria determining the possibility of ozone depletion from late winter to spring. We considered the dynamics of the Arctic polar vortex in the winters of 2014/2015 and 2020/2021 at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels by the vortex delineation method using the geopotential. In early January 2015 and 2021, sudden stratospheric warmings were recorded as a result of the splitting (4 January 2015) and the significant displacement (5 January 2021) of the polar vortex. In both cases, the weakening of the dynamic barrier of the polar vortex was observed. The polar vortex is characterized by the presence of a dynamic barrier, when the wind speed along the entire edge of the vortex is more than 20, 24 and 30 m/s at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels, respectively. A decrease in the average wind speed along the vortex edge below 30, 36 and 45 m/s, at the 50, 30 and 10 hPa levels, respectively, usually indicates a local decrease in the wind speed below 20, 24 and 30 m/s at these levels, i.e., indirectly indicates a weakening of the dynamic barrier

Principal ideal languages and synchronizing automata

We study ideal languages generated by a single word. We provide an algorithm to construct a strongly connected synchronizing automaton for which such a language serves as the language of synchronizing words. Also we present a compact formula to calculate the syntactic complexity of this language.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

Design of order statistics filters using feedforward neural networks

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.In recent years significant progress have been made in the development of nonlinear data processing techniques. Such techniques are widely used in digital data filtering and image enhancement. Many of the most effective nonlinear filters based on order statistics. The widely used median filter is the best known order statistic filter. Generalized form of these filters could be presented based on Lloyd's statistics. Filters based on order statistics have excellent robustness properties in the presence of impulsive noise. In this paper, we present special approach for synthesis of order statistics filters using artificial neural networks. Optimal Lloyd's statistics are used for selecting of initial weights for the neural network. Adaptive properties of neural networks provide opportunities to optimize order statistics filters for data with asymmetric distribution function. Different examples demonstrate the properties and performance of presented approach

Principal component analysis of global maps of the total electronic content

In this paper we present results of the spatial distribution analysis of the total electron content (TEC) performed by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the use of global maps of TEC provided by the JPL laboratory (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, USA) for the period from 2004 to 2010. We show that the obtained components of the decomposition of TEC essentially depend on the representation of the initial data and the method of their preliminary processing. We propose a technique for data centering that allows us to take into account the influence of diurnal and seasonal factors. We establish a correlation between amplitudes of the first components of the decomposition of TEC (connected with the equatorial anomaly) and the solar activity index F10.7, as well as with the flow of high energy particles of the solar wind. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Change in the surface density of immobilized enzyme molecules due to photoelectron processes in a silicon substrate

The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, projects no. 16-08-00524

Buy-out of pets because of their unproper treatment under civil legislation of Russia and post-soviet countries

The article deals with one of the compulsory methods of ownership right termination - the buy-out of pets if they are treated improperly. The authors draw attention to the specifics of this reason, which is associated with the buy-out subject, i.e. with an animal. They performed the comparative analysis of "pet improper treatment" and "cruel animal treatment" concepts, the problem of their differentiation is studie

PROBLEM OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

В статье рассматриваются особенности развития современного профессионального образования как мощного фактора экономического роста, духовно-нравственного возрождения нации. Определяющим в системе глубины и качества такого развития должно стать инновационное образование как новая педагогика, новые образовательные технологии, ориентированные на развитие творчества конкретных субъектов образовательного взаимодействия. Создание условий формирования "инновационного человека" как субъекта инновационной деятельности- одна из главных задач инновационного преобразованияТhe article discusses the features of the development of modern vocational education as a powerful factor in economic growth, the spiritual and moral revival of the nation. In the system of the depth and quality of such development, innovative education as a new pedagogy, new educational technologies focused on the development of creativity of specific subjects of educational interaction should be decisive. Creating the conditions for the formation of an "innovative person" as a subject of innovation activity is one of the main tasks of the innovation transformatio