Theoretical and methodical essence of technology transfer on the basis of entreprenry and intrapreneurship

In the article it is proved that a considerable part of scientific developments of industrial enterprises, in most cases quite effective and promising, remain unclaimed; high, and in most cases inaccessible even to the technological product development companies themselves. their commercialization (transfer) costs are not high enough, and in most cases not accessible even to the technological product development companies themselves. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of technology transfer has been clarified. It is proved that transfer of technologies developed at machine-building enterprises can be carried out mainly with the use of two entrepreneurial institutions: entrepreneurship (external transfer) and intrapreneurship (intra-firm transfer). Possible organizational and economic forms of the end result have been formed when used in machine-building enterprises of entreprenry and intrapreneurship. The basic prerequisites for the formation and use of integrated high technologies at machine-building enterprises, which most closely meet the economic and legal criteria of the transfer process. Such prerequisites, in particular, include: increase in the scientific and technological capacity, complication of engineering products, acceleration of scientific and technological progress, introduction of intellectual development in the production, increasing the level of market competition, etc. A detailed analysis of the current state of the domestic technological market has been carried out, and the main positive and negative factors have been identified, which most or not ensure the effectiveness of its functioning. It was found that the level of financial support for innovative activity in the country (0.3-0.4% of GDP) is not able to ensure the effectiveness of scientific research. Obstacles to the effective implementation of intra-company technology transfer at machinebuilding enterprises are identified and generalized. These include economic, scientific, technical, social and political obstacles

Current state and prospects of development of the tractors market in Ukraine

The article contains a detailed analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of the production of tractor equipment in Ukraine. The marketing characteristics of the tractors market in Ukraine and the Russian Federation are considered. The technical and economic indicators of the work of the leading Ukrainian manufacturers of tractor equipment are investigated. In particular, the authors studied in detail the development prospects of the Kharkov Tractor Plant.Based on the research carried out by the authors, a number of innovative measures are proposed, the implementation of which can lead to a drastic change in the market condition of domestic tractor construction. These proposals are mainly related to the state and legislative support of tractor-building at the national and regional levels and can be summarized as follows

Intra-firm technology transfer as a factor of sustainable development of industrial enterprises

Technological processes of machine-building enterprises are quite specific, characteristic only for this sector and are virtually absent from all the others. In recent times, scientists and developers of technology products in the engineering industry increasingly focused on development of unconventional technologies, the possibility of the development of which is based on significant achievements in fundamental and applied research

Effect of anticancer therapy on Tn antigen exposure on the leucocyte membranes in patients with leukemia

Tn-antigen (Thomsen-nouvelle antigen) is tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen with only one GalNAc residue attached to serine or threonine of polypeptide chain. There is not enough data about the expression of this glycotope in hematologic processes. But the correlations between increasing Tn-antigen expression on the cell surface and tumor growth progression, invasion, and activation of cell migration are well known. Therefore, the currently important area of modern research is studying of the impact of anticancer therapy by expression of this carbohydrate antigen in the onco-proliferative process. There are two types of cytostatic therapies in clinical hospitals of Ukraine: COP-therapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone) and FC-therapy (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide), which are the most popular due to their effectiveness and low price. The aim of our study was to investigate Tn-antigen exposure on the surface of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes in polycythemia vera and subleukemic myelosis; to examine the influence of COP- and FC-therapies on Tn-antigen exponation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The objects of the study were blood cells of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 25), polycythemia vera (n = 15) and subleukemic myelosis (n = 15) aged 58–66 years. Healthy hematologic volunteers (n = 15) aged 55 to 65 years were in the control group. Lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 25) were also studied after the chemotherapy treatment of patients divided into two groups: those who took COP-therapy (n = 13); and those who treated with FC-therapy (n = 12). Tn-antigen exposure on lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes was investigated by Beckman Сoulter EPICS flow cytometer with primary monoclonal Tn-antigen anybodies (Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia) and secondary fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled antybodies (Millipore, USA). The number of dead cells was monitored by binding them with propidium iodide. The result was analyzed with FC Express. According to our data, Tn-antigen exposure was not detected on the surface of blood cells (lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes) in the control group and in patients with polycythemia vera and subleukemic myelosis. Nevertheless, Tn-antigen was identified on the surface of more than 80% of lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. The intensity of this tumor-associated antigen exposure on lymphocytes membrane was 100 times higher compared with that in normal lymphocytes. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients after COP-treatment the number of lymphocytes with surface Tn-antigen was equal to 28,1 ± 0,8%, and after FC-treatment it decreased to 9,5 ± 0,5%. Moreover, positive effect of cytotoxic therapy used in treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia on intensity of Tn-antigen exposure on the surface of lymphocytes was shown. FC-therapy (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide) is more effective; compared with the data prior to this treatment it 40 times reduced the relevant index. Therefore, it can be applied in Ukraine for chemotherapeutic treatment schemes effective against Tn-antigen

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ХІМІЧНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН ІНОЗЕМНИМ СТУДЕНТАМ В МЕДИЧНОМУ ВИЩОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ

The article discusses the features of the educational process of chemical disciplines learning by foreign students. During the process of teching methods developing, such as teaching material in class; workshops; control of knowledge, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of school education in countries from which the students come. It has been proved in practice that the development of quality guidelines, reference summaries, charts and tables that summarize the material, help foreign students with significant language problems to learn difficult material on themedical and bioorganic chemistry courses.У статті розглядаються особливості організації навчально процесу з викладання хімічних дисциплін іноземним студентам. Показана необхідність урахування особливостей шкільної освіти у країнах, з яких приїхали студенти, при розробці методів: викладання матеріалу на лекціях; проведення практичних занять; контролю знань. Доведено на практиці, що розробка якісних методичних вказівок, опорних конспектів, схем та таблиць, що узагальнюють матеріал, сприяють кращому засвоєнню складного та об’ємного матеріалу з курсів медичної та біоорганічної хімії іноземними студентами, що мають значні мовні проблеми

Structure, optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of solution-processed Li-doped NiO films grown by SILAR

The article presents a new facial synthesis of Li-doped NiO films (NiO:Li) via an easy and cost-effective method Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) with the processing of the obtained NiO films in a lithium-containing aqueous solution for their transformation after annealing into NiO:Li layers. Comparative analysis of crystal structure, optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of the obtained NiO and NiO:Li 420-1050 nm thick films have reveiled a cubic rock-salt NiO structure, at that, NiO:Li samples are nanocrystalline single phased Li-NiO solid solutions. The fabricated NiO and NiO:Li films are p-type semiconductors with activation energy Ea = 0.1 eV and Ea = 0.25‒0.31 eV, respectively. The obtained in-plane Seebeck coefficients Z are in the range 0.20–0.33 mV/К. Notwithstanding the fact that the maximum values of the thermoelectric power factors P=2.2 μW/K2·m, are rather small, they were achieved if the hot end of the NiO:Li film was heated only to 115 °C. Thus, the produced in this work new low cost thermoelectric thin film material is suitable for a production of electrical energy for low-power devices due to absorption of low-potential heat

САМОСТІЙНА РОБОТА СТУДЕНТІВ - ОСНОВА ВИСОКОГО ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РІВНЯ ФАХІВЦЯ ( ЛІКАРЯ) . ДОСВІД РОБОТИ КАФЕДРИ БІОХІМІЇ І МЕДИЧНОЇ ХІМІЇ ДЗ «ДМА МОЗ УКРАЇНИ»

The aim of the study – to optimize unsupervised work of students when they learn the “Medical chemistry” course.Materials and Methods. Domestic and foreign periodical literature, textbooks. Analysis and use of new teaching methodsResults and Discussion. The learning process for the course "Medical chemistry" is based on the model curriculum and includes lectures, practical and laboratory classes, seminars.In accordance with the requirements of the credit-transfer system the significant portion of students’ workload is self-study. Independent work of students helps future physicians to make a habit of self-education, as a form of the advancement of knowledge, which is the vital necessity for high-quality professional activities. The key to a successful process of self-education is a sufficient level of initial knowledge.To optimize students’ independent work, the Department developed materials – methodological support for students and teachers, develop for extracurricular independent work of students, collections of tests, practical assignments with laboratory exercises, collections of tasks and exercises, collected lectures, audio, video and multimedia materials. This toolkit is offered to students in three languages: in Ukrainian for native students, in Russian and English for foreign students. Electronic versions of teaching materials are available on the website of the Department.The Department uses several forms of survey and control of the independent work of students:– oral discussion of theoretical material in practical classes;– control of practical skills during laboratory works;– inline test survey to control mastering of the basic material;– discussion of essays prepared by students on topics proposed for self-development;– seminars;Students can exercise the highest level of autonomy in learning and, most importantly, in creative usage of the theoretical material in the preparation of essays. The best essays are exhibited on the website of the Department and take part in the main competition.Conclusions. The system of motivating students to work independently when studying the "Medical chemistry" course is effective and actively used by the employees. Мета дослідження – оптимізація самостійної роботи студентів при вивченні курсу «Медична хімія»Матеріали та методи дослідження. Розробка нових методичних матеріалів відбувається на основі ознайомлення з сучасною вітчизняною та закордонною періодичною літературою, підручниками, електронними ресурсами. На основі аналізу одержаної інформації здійснюється вибіркове впровадження новітніх методів викладання. Результати й обговорення. Навчальний процес з курсу “Медична хімія” формується на основі типової навчальної програми і включає  лекції, практичні і лабораторні заняття, семінари.Відповідно до вимог кредитно-трансферної системи значна частина навчального навантаження для студентів покладена на самостійну роботу. Самостійна робота студентів формує у майбутніх лікарів звичку до самоосвіти як форму dдосконалення знань, життєву необхідність для якісної професійної діяльності. Основною умовою успішного процесу самоосвіти є достатній рівень початкових знань.З метою оптимізації самостійної роботи студентів на кафедрі розроблена методична література – навчально-методичні посібники для студентів і викладачів, розробки для позааудиторної самостійної роботи студентів, збірники тестів, практичних завдань sз лабораторним практикумом, збірники завдань і вправ, збірники лекцій, аудіо-, відео- та мультимедійні матеріали. Всі зазначені види розробок пропонуються студентам трьома мовами: українською для вітчизняних студентів, російською та англійською для іноземних студентів. Електронні варіанти методичних розробок представлено на сайті кафедри.На кафедрі використовують кілька форм опитування і контролю самостійної роботи студентів:– усне обговорення теоретичного матеріалу на практичних заняттях;– контроль практичних навичок при виконанні лабораторних робіт;– поточне тестове опитування з метою контролю засвоєння базового матеріалу;– обговорення рефератів, підготовлених студентами за темами, запропонованими для самостійного освоєння;– семінарські заняття.Найвищий рівень самостійності в освоєнні і, що найголовніше, творчому використанні теоретичного матеріалу студент може проявити при підготовці рефератів. Кращі реферати виставляються на сайті кафедри та беруть участь у кафедральному конкурсі.Висновок. Представлена система мотивації студентів до виконання самостійної роботи при вивченні курсу “Медична хімія” є ефективною та активно використовується співробітниками кафедри.

Influence of suction on prolonged air leak after VATS lobectomies: a prospective randomized study

Background. Prolonged air leak is the most common postoperative complication following lung resection. Despite the huge number of researches concerning this problem, no consensus exists regarding the choice of the appropriate method of pleural space drainage after thoracoscopic surgery.Objective. To compare suction and water-seal regarding their influence on the incidence of prolonged air leak.Material and Methods. This prospective randomized trial included sixty patients who underwent VATS lobectomies on different diagnoses in the Center for Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Hospital no. 122 (St. Petersburg) from September 2018 until May 2020. The open-label randomized controlled trial involved two groups: control group (water-seal drainage) and suction group. Each group consisted of thirty patients. Ten patients were discharged with a Heimlich valve.Results. The incidence of prolonged air leak was 23%. Patients in the suction group had a higher duration of air leak than those in the control group (5.3 ± 1.3 vs 3.7 ± 0.9 days, р = 0.04). The number of air leak cases was slightly higher in the suction group (8 and 6 patients); however, the difference was not significant (р = 0.57). Both groups had no difference in the number of complications (р = 0.2). There were no cases of reoperation.Discussion. The advantage of water-seal is a lower risk of parenchymal defects. Suction may increase holes in visceral pleura, cause hyperexudation, leading to prolonged duration of drainage. At the same time, the use of suction may decrease residual pleural spaces, match visceral and parietal pleura, which may decrease the duration of air leak. A lot of studies on this issue was performed, however, their results are contradictory.Conclusion. Drainage of pleural space after VATS lobectomies may be safely performed with water-seal. In the case of increasing surgical emphysema or appearance of progressive dyspnea, suction should be applie

Overturning established chemoselectivities : selective reduction of arenes over malonates and cyanoacetates by photoactivated organic electron donors

The prevalence of metal-based reducing reagents, including metals, metal complexes, and metal salts, has produced an empirical order of reactivity that governs our approach to chemical synthesis. However, this reactivity may be influenced by stabilization of transition states, intermediates, and products through substrate-metal bonding. This article reports that in the absence of such stabilizing interactions, established chemoselectivities can be overthrown. Thus, photoactivation of the recently developed neutral organic superelectron donor 5 selectively reduces alkyl-substituted benzene rings in the presence of activated esters and nitriles, in direct contrast to metal-based reductions, opening a new perspective on reactivity. The altered outcomes arising from the organic electron donors are attributed to selective interactions between the neutral organic donors and the arene rings of the substrates