182 research outputs found
Cascade-Exciton Model Analysis of Nucleon-Induced Fission Cross Sections of Lead and Bismuth at Energies from 45 to 500 MeV
An extended version of the Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) of nuclear reactions
is applied to analyze nucleon-induced fission cross sections for Bi-209 and
Pb-208 nuclei in the 45-500 MeV energy range. The available data on linear
momentum transfer are analyzed as well. The results are compared with
analytical approximations resulting from a comparative critical analysis of all
available experimental data. Systematic discrepancies between calculations and
experimental data are revealed. A modification of the CEM is proposed, which
significantly improves the model predictions for projectile energies above 100
MeV.Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures, 7 tables, LaTeX, submitted to Nucl. Sci. En
Propagation of cosmic rays: nuclear physics in cosmic-ray studies
The nuclei fraction in cosmic rays (CR) far exceeds the fraction of other CR
species, such as antiprotons, electrons, and positrons. Thus the majority of
information obtained from CR studies is based on interpretation of isotopic
abundances using CR propagation models where the nuclear data and isotopic
production cross sections in p- and alpha-induced reactions are the key
elements. This paper presents an introduction to the astrophysics of CR and
diffuse gamma rays and discusses some of the puzzles that have emerged recently
due to more precise data and improved propagation models. Merging with
cosmology and particle physics, astrophysics of CR has become a very dynamic
field with a large potential of breakthrough and discoveries in the near
future. Exploiting the data collected by the CR experiments to the fullest
requires accurate nuclear cross sections.Comment: 6 pages, 13 figures, aip style files. Invited review talk at the Int.
Conf. on Nuclear Data-2004 (Santa Fe, Sep. 26 - Oct. 1, 2004). To appear in
AIP Conf. Pro
CEM03 and LAQGSM03 - new modeling tools for nuclear applications
An improved version of the Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) of nuclear reactions
realized in the code CEM2k and the Los Alamos version of the Quark-Gluon String
Model (LAQGSM) have been developed recently at LANL to describe reactions
induced by particles and nuclei for a number of applications. Our CEM2k and
LAQGSM merged with the GEM2 evaporation/fission code by Furihata have
predictive powers comparable to other modern codes and describe many reactions
better than other codes; therefore both our codes can be used as reliable event
generators in transport codes for applications. During the last year, we have
made a significant improvements to the intranuclear cascade parts of CEM2k and
LAQGSM, and have extended LAQGSM to describe photonuclear reactions at energies
to 10 GeV and higher. We have produced in this way improved versions of our
codes, CEM03.01 and LAQGSM03.01. We present a brief description of our codes
and show illustrative results obtained with CEM03.01 and LAQGSM03.01 for
different reactions compared with predictions by other models, as well as
examples of using our codes as modeling tools for nuclear applications.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Journal of Physics:
Conference Series: Proc. Europhysics Conf. on New Trends in Nuclear Physics
Applications and Technologies (NPDC19), Pavia, Italy, September 5-9, 200
Challenging cosmic ray propagation with antiprotons. Evidence for a "fresh" nuclei component?
Recent measurements of the cosmic ray (CR) antiproton flux have been shown to
challenge existing CR propagation models. It was shown that the reacceleration
models designed to match secondary to primary nuclei ratios (e.g.,
boron/carbon) produce too few antiprotons. Matching both the secondary to
primary nuclei ratio and the antiproton flux requires artificial breaks in the
diffusion coefficient and the primary injection spectrum suggesting the need
for other approaches.
In the present paper we discuss one possibility to overcome these
difficulties. Using the measured antiproton flux AND B/C ratio to fix the
diffusion coefficient, we show that the spectra of primary nuclei as measured
in the heliosphere may contain a fresh local "unprocessed" component at low
energies perhaps associated with the Local Bubble, thus decreasing the measured
secondary to primary nuclei ratio. The independent evidence for SN activity in
the solar vicinity in the last few Myr supports this idea. The model reproduces
antiprotons, B/C ratio, and elemental abundances up to Ni (Z<=28). Calculated
isotopic distributions of Be and B are in perfect agreement with CR data. The
abundances of three "radioactive clock" isotopes in CR, 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, are
all consistent and indicate a halo size z_h~4 kpc based on the most accurate
data taken by the ACE spacecraft.Comment: To be published in The Astrophysical Journal, v.586, 2003 April 1;
final version: 19 pages, 24 ps-figures, emulateapj5.sty (modified),
natbib.sty, aastex.cls. More details can be found at
http://www.gamma.mpe-garching.mpg.de/~aws/aws.htm
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