8 research outputs found
Von Leonin und Perotin zum »Tod des Autors«: Aktuelle Tendenzen der Notre-Dame-Forschung und ihre hochschuldidaktischen Konsequenzen
Von Leonin und Perotin zum »Tod des Autors«: Aktuelle Tendenzen der Notre-Dame-Forschung und ihre hochschuldidaktischen Konsequenzen
Von Leonin und Perotin zum »Tod des Autors«: Aktuelle Tendenzen der Notre-Dame-Forschung und ihre hochschuldidaktischen Konsequenzen
Neue Fragmentfunde in der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster: Zur Rekonstruktion einer Notre-Dame-Handschrift aus dem Soester Dominikanerkonvent
GDF15/MIC1 and MMP9 Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Parkinson’s Disease and Lewy Body Dementia
Vascular Endothelial Expression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Forms a Positive Gradient towards the Feto-Maternal Interface
Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
BACKGROUND: Vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but have several limitations. Apixaban is a novel oral direct factor Xa inhibitor that has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke in a similar population in comparison with aspirin. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind trial, we compared apixaban (at a dose of 5 mg twice daily) with warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) in 18,201 patients with atrial fibrillation and at least one additional risk factor for stroke. The primary outcome was ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. The trial was designed to test for noninferiority, with key secondary objectives of testing for superiority with respect to the primary outcome and to the rates of major bleeding and death from any cause. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 1.8 years. The rate of the primary outcome was 1.27% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 1.60% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio with apixaban, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.95; P<0.001 for noninferiority; P = 0.01 for superiority). The rate of major bleeding was 2.13% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 3.09% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.80; P<0.001), and the rates of death from any cause were 3.52% and 3.94%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.99; P = 0.047). The rate of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.24% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 0.47% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.75; P<0.001), and the rate of ischemic or uncertain type of stroke was 0.97% per year in the apixaban group and 1.05% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.13; P = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with atrial fibrillation, apixaban was superior to warfarin in preventing stroke or systemic embolism, caused less bleeding, and resulted in lower mortality. Copyright © 2011 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved